{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:09:19Z","timestamp":1777450159528,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Altern Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The decision to use laboratory animals rather than in vitro methods is frequently based on the financial costs involved, so the objective of our study was to compare the costs of performing the Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT) and Virus Isolation in Cell Culture (VICC) for use in rabies diagnosis in Brazil. Based on observations of laboratory routines at the Pasteur Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, we listed the fixed cost (FC) and variable cost (VC) items necessary to perform both tests. Considering that 200 MITs are equivalent to 350 VICC assays, in terms of facilities and staff-hours needed per month, we calculated, for both tests, the average total cost per sample, the costs of the implementation of the laboratory structure, and the costs of routine use. With regard to absolute values, the total cost was mainly influenced by FC items, as they represented 60% of the cost for the MIT and 86% of the cost for VICC. A sample analysed by the MIT costs around 205% more than one analysed by using VICC. The MIT costs 74% and 406% more than VICC, when implementation costs and routine use per month, respectively, are taken into account. Our results can assist in the resolution of costing disputes that could hinder the replacement of animals for rabies diagnosis in Brazil. The method demonstrated here might also be useful for cost comparisons in other situations where animal use still continues when validated alternatives exist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/026119291504300203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T04:43:29Z","timestamp":1554785009000},"page":"81-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Costs of the Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT) and Virus Isolation in Cell Culture (VICC) for Use in Rabies Diagnosis in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Vanessa C.","family":"Bones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Laboratory (LABEA), Agrarian Science Sector, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augusto H.","family":"Gameiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socioeconomic Analysis and Animal Science Laboratory (LAE), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (FMVZ), University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana G.","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla F.M.","family":"Molento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Laboratory (LABEA), Agrarian Science Sector, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-026119291504300203","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Series A: Normas e Manuais T\u00e9cnicos [Manual of Rabies Laboratory Diagnosis Series A: Regulations and Technical Manuals]","author":"Anon.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr2-026119291504300203","unstructured":"OIE (2011). Terrestrial Manual, Chapter 2.1.13, Rabies, 28pp. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. Available at: http:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/2.01.13_RABIES.pdf (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr3-026119291504300203","unstructured":"WHO (2013). WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. WHO Technical Report Series, Second Report, 150pp. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation Press. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/85346\/1\/9789240690943_eng.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr4-026119291504300203","unstructured":"MAPA (2009). Controle da Raiva dos Herb\u00edvoros: Manual T\u00e9cnico [Herbivores Rabies Control], 2nd edn, 122pp. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento. Available at: http:\/\/www.agricultura.gov.br\/arq_editor\/file\/Aniamal\/programa%20nacional%20dos%20herbivoros\/manual%20tecnico%20para%20controle%20da%20raiva.pdf (Accessed 08.11.12)."},{"key":"bibr5-026119291504300203","first-page":"171","volume":"42","author":"Bones V.C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"ATLA"},{"key":"bibr6-026119291504300203","unstructured":"Anon. (1998). Lei Federal n\u00b0 9.605, de 12 de Fevereiro de 1998. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: Imprensa Nacional. Available at: http:\/\/www.planalto.gov.br\/ccivil_03\/Leis\/L9605.htm (Accessed 15.05.14)."},{"key":"bibr7-026119291504300203","first-page":"96","volume-title":"In Laboratory Techniques in Rabies","author":"Webster W.A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr8-026119291504300203","unstructured":"WernkeR. (2005). An\u00e1lise de Custos e Pre\u00e7os de Venda: \u00canfase em Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es e Casos Nacionais [Cost Analysis and Retail Prices: Emphasis on Applications and National Cases], 201pp. S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil: Saraiva."},{"key":"bibr9-026119291504300203","unstructured":"Bert\u00f3D.J. & BeulkeR. (2005). Gest\u00e3o de Custos [Cost Management], 390pp. S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil: Saraiva."},{"key":"bibr10-026119291504300203","unstructured":"CBIC (undated). Homepage. Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil: C\u00e2mara Brasileira da Ind\u00fastria da Constru\u00e7\u00e3o. Available at: http:\/\/www.cbic.org.br\/ (Accessed 25.03.15)."},{"key":"bibr11-026119291504300203","unstructured":"ATCC (2012). Animal Cell Culture Guide: Tips and Techniques for Continuous Cell Lines, 40pp. Manassas, VA, USA: American Type Culture Collection."},{"key":"bibr12-026119291504300203","unstructured":"OliveiraA.L.R. (2013). 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