{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:05:53Z","timestamp":1780535153587,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Altern Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The scientific and ethical issues associated with the use of animal-derived antibodies in research can be overcome by the use of animal-free, sequence-defined recombinant antibodies, whose benefits are well documented. Here, we describe progress made following a 2019 expert meeting focused on improving the quality and reproducibility of biomedical research by accelerating the production and use of animal-free recombinant antibodies in the USA. In the five intervening years since the meeting, participants have established multifaceted initiatives to tackle the next steps outlined during the meeting. These initiatives include: prioritising the replacement of ascites-derived and polyclonal antibodies; distributing educational materials describing recombinant antibodies; fostering public\u2013private partnerships to increase access to recombinant antibodies; and increasing the availability of funding for recombinant antibody development. Given the widescale use of antibodies across scientific disciplines, a transition to modern antibody production methods relies on a commitment from government agencies, universities, industry and funding organisations, to initiatives such as those outlined here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02611929241266472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T03:29:19Z","timestamp":1721791759000},"page":"285-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Progress and Remaining Opportunities to Increase the Use of Animal-free Antibodies in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-3080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Groff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory Systems, an Inotiv Company, Morrisville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Clippinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PETA Science Consortium International e.V., Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/518027a"},{"key":"bibr2-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0687-9"},{"key":"bibr3-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/521274a"},{"key":"bibr4-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2018.1445456"},{"key":"bibr5-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2010.05.001"},{"key":"bibr6-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.10.004"},{"key":"bibr7-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2016.05.017"},{"key":"bibr8-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2760\/80554"},{"key":"bibr9-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105524"},{"key":"bibr10-02611929241266472","first-page":"309","volume":"37","author":"Groff K","year":"2020","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"bibr11-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Search for antibodies","author":"CiteAb"},{"key":"bibr12-02611929241266472","volume-title":"What were the top 100 research antibodies of 2022?","author":"Williams R"},{"key":"bibr13-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Policy for monoclonal antibody production","author":"University of Nebraska at Omaha Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr14-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Antibody production in research and teaching animals","author":"Washington State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr15-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Antibody production IACUC standard procedure","author":"University of California Office of Research Institutional Animal Care and Use Program","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr16-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Production of monoclonal antibodies using mouse ascites method","author":"National Institutes of Health Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr17-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/9450"},{"key":"bibr18-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Antibody validation webinar series","author":"The Antibody Society"},{"key":"bibr19-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Antibody webinar series","author":"PETA Science Consortium International e.V"},{"key":"bibr20-02611929241266472","volume-title":"HuCAL webinars, videos and technical articles","author":"Bio-Rad"},{"key":"bibr21-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Non-animal affinity reagents","author":"PETA Science Consortium International e.V"},{"key":"bibr22-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Homepage","author":"Abcalis"},{"key":"bibr23-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Homepage","author":"ABCD Antibodies"},{"key":"bibr24-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Unilever, PETA Science Consortium International, and Abcalis collaborate to develop animal-free antibodies","author":"PETA Science Consortium International e.V"},{"key":"bibr25-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57103-5"},{"key":"bibr26-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Complement Animal Research In Experimentation (Complement-ARIE) program","author":"National Institutes of Health"},{"key":"bibr27-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Colgate-Palmolive award for student research training in alternative methods","author":"Society of Toxicology"},{"key":"bibr28-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Colgate-Palmolive grant for alternative research","author":"Society of Toxicology"},{"key":"bibr29-02611929241266472","volume-title":"Homepage","author":"Lush Prize"},{"key":"bibr30-02611929241266472","unstructured":"PETA Science Consortium International e.V. Recombinant antibody challenge, https:\/\/www.thepsci.eu\/funding\/recombinant-antibody-challenge\/ (accessed 7 May 2024)."},{"key":"bibr31-02611929241266472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/btn-2022-0071"}],"container-title":["Alternatives to Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02611929241266472","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02611929241266472","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02611929241266472","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:43:18Z","timestamp":1777380198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02611929241266472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02611929241266472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02611929241266472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0261-1929","2632-3559"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0261-1929","type":"print"},{"value":"2632-3559","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]}}}