{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:04:43Z","timestamp":1777917883558,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,21]],"date-time":"2012-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite promising experimental results, no information has been published on the clinical effects of amino acid-enriched induction cardioplegic solution on outcome in children undergoing cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of 185 consecutive patients younger than 12 months with one of the following defects undergoing open heart surgery: atrioventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot or ventricular septal defect. Patients were divided into two groups according to the following myocardial protection approaches: tepid substrate-enriched induction cardioplegia followed by cold blood cardioplegia (n=113) or only cold blood induction cardioplegia (n=72). Patient allocation was determined by the anesthesiologist in charge of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The primary outcome measure was postoperative myocardial injury assessed by troponin T level and inotrope score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic data were similar for both groups. Cardioplegic induction had no overall effect for inotrope score (16.3 \u00b1 9.2 vs.17.9 \u00b1 10.0, p=0.276) or lactate release (1.8 \u00b1 1.3 vs. 1.6 \u00b1 0.8, p=0.110) on arrival to the paediatric intensive care unit. On the first postoperative day, there were no significant differences between the cardioplegia groups for inotrope score (13.7 \u00b1 8.7 vs.14.3 \u00b1 9.1, p=0.657), troponin T (2.4 \u00b1 1.6 vs. 2.8 \u00b1 2.7 \u03bcg\/L, p=0.267), lactate (1.5 \u00b1 2.0 vs. 1.5 \u00b1 0.8, p=0.972), or any of the other clinical outcome measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to cold cardioplegia alone, the administration of tepid induction cardioplegia had no effect on the clinical outcome of infants who underwent cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  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