{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:03:45Z","timestamp":1789430625619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Total blood volume (TBV) assessment is central to the management of cardiac surgical patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The widely accepted Allen Formula lacks accuracy in estimating TBV in these patients. Moreover, the impact of commonly encountered cardiac disease states on TBV has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to determine TBV by hemodilution (TBV\n                      <jats:sub>HD<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) for patients with valve disease, compare TBV\n                      <jats:sub>HD<\/jats:sub>\n                      to algorithms frequently used during cardiac surgery and to modify the Allen Formula to better fit today\u2019s patient population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TBV\n                      <jats:sub>HD<\/jats:sub>\n                      was prospectively measured upon initiation of CPB. Ninety-six patients were grouped into 4 cohorts by preoperative diagnosis and compared to Allen and weight-based formulae in a univariate analysis: mitral regurgitation (MR), coronary artery disease requiring bypass surgery (CABG) and aortic stenosis (AS) \u00b1 CABG. The independent effects of height and weight on TBV were correlated to the original Allen Formula by multiple linear regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with MR had significantly larger TBV\n                      <jats:sub>HD<\/jats:sub>\n                      compared to patients with AS, CABG or both. The smallest TBV\n                      <jats:sub>HD<\/jats:sub>\n                      was found in the patients with AS and CABG. The modified Allen Formula had an excellent model fit (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.88 and R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.95 for males and females, respectively; p&lt;0.001) while the classic formula overestimated TBV by 30% in males and females. For males, height impacted TBV calculations the most whereas weight was the predominant determinant in females.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood volume assessment via the Allen Formula or bodyweight overestimated TBV in cardiac surgical patients, with potential implications on their management. The assumption that MR frequently presents with increased intravascular volume was confirmed whereas AS patients with coronary disease had a relatively smaller TBV. Lastly, a modified Allen Formula to better reflect today\u2019s patient population was derived to reproducibly improve accuracy in mathematical estimates of TBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659114547250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]],"date-time":"2014-08-15T07:30:06Z","timestamp":1408087806000},"page":"305-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Blood volume measurement by hemodilution: association with valve disease and re-evaluation of the Allen Formula"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"JN","family":"Hilberath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ME","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Perfusion, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Perfusion, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DJ","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Perfusion, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Wilusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JD","family":"Muehlschlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3180ca8c41"},{"key":"bibr2-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/pcad.2001.24597"},{"key":"bibr3-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/021849230601400106"},{"key":"bibr4-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.106.035972"},{"key":"bibr5-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2445-8"},{"key":"bibr6-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.56.4.605"},{"key":"bibr7-0267659114547250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199407000-00012"},{"key":"bibr8-0267659114547250","first-page":"328","volume":"5","author":"Allen 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