{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T23:56:38Z","timestamp":1785542198169,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"national health and medical research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1079421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1079421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a life-saving support for heart and\/or lung failure patients. Despite technological advancement, abnormal physiology persists and has been associated with subsequent adverse events. These include thrombosis, bleeding, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and infection. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether the different flow dynamics of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation would alter immune responses, specifically the overall inflammatory response, leukocyte numbers and activation\/adhesion surface antigen expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An ex vivo model was used with human whole blood circulating at 37\u00b0C for 6\u2009hours at high (4\u2009L\/minute) or low (1.5\u2009L\/minute) flow dynamics, with serial blood samples taken for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During high flow, production of interleukin-1\u03b2 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), interleukin-6 (p\u2009=\u20090.0075), tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 (p\u2009=\u20090.0013), myeloperoxidase (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and neutrophil elastase (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) were significantly elevated over time compared to low flow, in particular at 6\u2009hours. While the remaining assessments exhibited minute changes between flow dynamics, a consistent trend of modulation in leukocyte subset numbers and phenotype was observed at 6\u2009hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that prolonged circulation at high flow triggers a prominent pro-inflammatory cytokine response and activates neutrophil granule release, but further research is needed to better characterize the effect of flow during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659119830012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T05:00:26Z","timestamp":1554872426000},"page":"5-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effect of ex vivo extracorporeal 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Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximillian V","family":"Malfertheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahe","family":"Bouquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Children\u2019s Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacky 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