{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:29:53Z","timestamp":1777915793006,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with cardiogenic shock or ARDS, for example, in COVID-19\/SARS-CoV-2, may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). An ECLS\/ECMO model simulating challenging vascular anatomy is desirable for cannula insertion training purposes. We assessed the ability of various 3D-printable materials to mimic the penetration properties of human tissue by using porcine aortae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A test bench for needle penetration and piercing in sampled porcine aorta and preselected 3D-printable polymers was assembled. The 3D-printable materials had Shore A hardness of 10, 20, and 50. 17G Vygon 1.0 \u00d7 1.4\u2009mm \u00d7 70\u2009mm needles were used for penetration tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the porcine tissue and Shore A 10, Shore A 20, and Shore A 50 polymers, penetration forces of 0.9036\u2009N, 0.9725\u2009N, 1.0386\u2009N, and 1.254\u2009N were needed, respectively. For piercing through the porcine tissue and Shore A 10, Shore A 20, and Shore A 50 polymers, forces of 0.8399\u2009N, 1.244\u2009N, 1.475\u2009N, and 1.482\u2009N were needed, respectively. ANOVA showed different variances among the groups, and pairwise two-tailed t-tests showed significantly different needle penetration and piercing forces, except for penetration of Shore A 10 and 20 polymers (p\u2009=\u20090.234 and p\u2009=\u20090.0857). Significantly higher forces were required for all other materials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shore A 10 and 20 polymers have similar needle penetration properties compared to the porcine tissue. Significantly more force is needed to pierce through the material fully. The most similar tested material to porcine aorta for needle penetration and piercing in ECMO-implantation is the silicon Shore A 10 polymer. This silicon could be a 3D-printable material in surgical training for ECMO-implantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659120967194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T05:23:03Z","timestamp":1605072183000},"page":"798-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ECMO implantation training: Needle penetration in 3D printable materials and porcine aorta"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7155-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Salewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Spintzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Medical Material Science & Technology at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thore","family":"von Steuben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Medical Material Science & Technology at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Sandoval Boburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Schille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Medical Material Science & Technology at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Metesh","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Geis-Gerstorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Medical Material Science & Technology at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aron-Frederik","family":"Popov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schlensak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0267659120967194","unstructured":"ISO 11040-4:2015(en) Prefilled syringes - Part 4: Glass barrels for injectables and sterilised subassembled syringes ready for filling."},{"key":"bibr2-0267659120967194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4026508"},{"key":"bibr3-0267659120967194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.08.007"},{"key":"bibr4-0267659120967194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bsbt.2016.05.001"},{"key":"bibr5-0267659120967194","first-page":"1","author":"Riedle H","year":"2018","journal-title":"2018 11th biomedical engineering international conference (BMEiCON)"}],"container-title":["Perfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0267659120967194","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0267659120967194","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0267659120967194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:29:51Z","timestamp":1777656591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0267659120967194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0267659120967194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0267659120967194","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-6591","1477-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-6591","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]}}}