{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:29:56Z","timestamp":1777915796024,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving therapy for those in cardiopulmonary failure, including post-cardiac arrest. Despite a high volume of ECMO patients using anti-seizure medication, there is a paucity of data concerning the dosing, levels, and clinical scenarios for their use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Report:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present three cases of ECMO patients post-PEA arrest who were on valproic acid (VPA) for treatment of seizure and\/or myoclonus. The total and free levels of VPA are reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The trough levels are consistent throughout therapy, suggesting VPA is not significantly removed by the ECMO circuitry. Although the total serum levels remained below the toxic range, the free level was elevated in two patients. These patients did not develop signs of toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VPA may be an effective anti-seizure medication in ECMO patients. Free VPA levels should be more readily available to better quantify efficacy or toxicity, especially in ECMO patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659120972272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:42:47Z","timestamp":1605573767000},"page":"868-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Therapeutic drug monitoring of valproic acid in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6240-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan F","family":"Hunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharine T","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun Woo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Whitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Neurological Intensive Care, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salia","family":"Farrokh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"bibr1-0267659120972272","volume":"7","author":"Makdisi G","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"bibr2-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002502"},{"key":"bibr3-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4318-3"},{"key":"bibr4-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004060"},{"key":"bibr5-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v2.i4.40"},{"key":"bibr6-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.3.401"},{"key":"bibr7-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-018-0512-1"},{"key":"bibr8-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909788848857"},{"key":"bibr9-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.09.154"},{"key":"bibr10-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18248"},{"key":"bibr11-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2018439"},{"key":"bibr12-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1615"},{"key":"bibr13-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-22.5.352"},{"key":"bibr14-0267659120972272","unstructured":"Hudson OH. Valproic Acid Level, Free and Total Serum. In: Labs Tests and Diagnostic Procedures Lexicomp Online Database [database on the Internet]. Lexicomp Inc. http:\/\/online.lexi.com (2020, accessed 9 September 2020)."},{"key":"bibr15-0267659120972272","volume":"2010","author":"Chateauvieux S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"bibr16-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.012"},{"key":"bibr17-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.4.0593"},{"key":"bibr18-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2066-1"},{"key":"bibr19-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.05.027"},{"key":"bibr20-0267659120972272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.06.023"}],"container-title":["Perfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0267659120972272","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0267659120972272","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0267659120972272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:29:55Z","timestamp":1777656595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0267659120972272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0267659120972272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0267659120972272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-6591","1477-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-6591","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]}}}