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For patients with AVF stenosis, the pressure over the antecedent part of the AVF stenotic lesion will increase if arterial inflow is sufficient. We report a chronic hemodialysis patient who received an angiographic examination for the juxta-anastomosis stenosis of his AVF. A unique feature of a collateral venous branch antecedent to the stenotic lesion was noted, resembling a musical sign as the \u201ceighth note.\u201d After percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, the eighth note attenuated markedly at once. Of note, the eighth note sign is not seen frequently, and thus we postulate that the formation of an eighth note sign on the radiocephalic fistula should fulfill the following requirements, including a sufficient arterial inflow, an adjacent collateral branch close enough to the arteriovenous anastomosis, a severe juxta-anastomotic stenotic lesion, and an intact ulnar venous drainage system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591211040945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T01:55:27Z","timestamp":1629338127000},"page":"200-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An eighth note"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Meng-Rong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Yang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-3159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei"},{"name":"Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu"},{"name":"Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Der-Cherng","family":"Tarng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei"},{"name":"Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02676591211040945","volume":"48","author":"Vascular Access Work Group","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"bibr2-02676591211040945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2251011367"},{"key":"bibr3-02676591211040945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9639-y"},{"key":"bibr4-02676591211040945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1536-2"},{"key":"bibr5-02676591211040945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01968-6"},{"key":"bibr6-02676591211040945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70425-7"},{"key":"bibr7-02676591211040945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.32003"}],"container-title":["Perfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02676591211040945","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02676591211040945","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02676591211040945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:30:45Z","timestamp":1777656645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02676591211040945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02676591211040945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02676591211040945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-6591","1477-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0267-6591","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]}}}