{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:33:15Z","timestamp":1777915995353,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014044","name":"59th Medical Wing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014044","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants undergoing ECMO may have elevated serum ferritin and iron levels, raising concerns about iron overload. Recent studies question the utility of these markers for acute vs. chronic iron overload during ECMO. This study evaluates iron content and localization in autopsy tissues from deceased infants who received or were considered for ECMO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center case-control study analyzed paraffin-embedded tissues from the basal ganglia, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney. Tissue sections were stained to quantify iron deposition and an independent pathologist reviewed samples for iron accumulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen deceased infants' tissues were analyzed: nine underwent ECMO, and nine were considered for it. Both groups showed multi-organ iron accumulation with no significant difference between ECMO and non-ECMO cohorts. Red blood cell transfusions were linked to increased iron content in adrenal (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), hepatic (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.042), and splenic (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013) tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ECMO exposure alone does not independently increase iron content in infants' organs. Multi-organ iron accumulation in both groups suggests iron deposition in critically ill pediatric patients irrespective of ECMO exposure. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591241288780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T16:59:04Z","timestamp":1727456344000},"page":"1187-1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron deposition in infants undergoing ECMO: A retrospective analysis of Postmortem tissue samples"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7995-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary J","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Capital Consortium, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5359-3899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley E","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody L","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christus Children\u2019s Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2488-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas R","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"},{"name":"Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000100805"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80415-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001849"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2021.102617"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(00)00003-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-2009-0045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"267659123115475","article-title":"A pilot study to evaluate clinical factors associated with iron and ferritin elevations during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","author":"Sam AE","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sam AE, Weber Z, Pena A, et al. A pilot study to evaluate clinical factors associated with iron and ferritin elevations during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion 2023: 2676591231154750.","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2011.1.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-10-3982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","unstructured":"MayoClinic. 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