{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:33:36Z","timestamp":1777916016986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood transfusions during paediatric cardiac surgery with (cardiopulmonary bypass) CPB carry increased risks, including infection and immunological complications. This study evaluates blood product use in the Clinic for Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery at the Children\u2019s University Hospital following the implementation of a revised blood management protocol from 2020 to 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review of 135 paediatric patients who underwent congenital cardiac surgery with CPB was conducted. Patients were categorized into three age groups: Group 1 (&lt;1\u00a0year), Group 2 (1 \u2013 4\u00a0years), and Group 3 (&gt;4\u00a0years). Data on erythrocyte, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and platelet use were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman\u2019s rho tests, with significance set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05, and confidence interval (CI) of 95% quoted when applicable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Erythrocyte use significantly declined over 4\u00a0years, with the largest reductions observed from 2020 to 2023 [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001]. Older and heavier patients required fewer transfusions, with a significant inverse correlation between weight and erythrocyte use [Spearman\u2019s rho = \u22120.29,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .001]. Platelet use also decreased significantly from 2020 to 2023 [\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04], while FFP and cryoprecipitate use declined notably over the same period [p &lt; 0.01].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 4\u00a0years, significant reductions in blood product use were observed, particularly for erythrocytes and platelets. Patients\u2019 age and weight were inversely related to erythrocyte transfusion needs. These trends may reflect improvements in surgical techniques and blood management protocols, with potential benefits for patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591251334904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T02:57:31Z","timestamp":1744513051000},"page":"1743-1750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood products for paediatric patients in congenital heart surgery: A retrospective, single- centre study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0767-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"Thumm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University"},{"name":"Children\u2019s University Hospital"},{"name":"Riga Stradins University Red Cross Medical College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002504"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.09.101"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"Perfusion techniques toward bloodless pediatric","volume":"42","author":"Olshove VF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olshove VF, Preston T, Gomez D, et al. 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