{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T09:26:58Z","timestamp":1787304418907,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014607","name":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["McDonald Family Anaesthesia Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["McDonald Family Anaesthesia Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015675","name":"National Blood Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heparin is usually added to infant cardiopulmonary bypass circuit primes. Ultrafiltration is often used to minimise prime volume before commencing bypass. The extent of heparin removal from bypass primes by ultrafiltration is unknown, however at our institution it was assumed that heparin is freely filtered. The primary aim of this study was to investigate heparin removal during pre-bypass ultrafiltration of a bypass prime for infants. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of pre-bypass ultrafiltration on heparinization of the patient shortly after commencing bypass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients under 1\u00a0year of age having cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled. Prime solutions contained red blood cells, albumin, PlasmaLyte and 3 IU\/ml heparin prior to pre-bypass ultrafiltration. Patient blood samples were collected before and after commencing bypass along with samples of the filtrate and the priming solution. Anti-Xa and antithrombin levels were measured by chromogenic assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen patients were enrolled. Patient weight ranged from 2.4\u00a0kg to 7.7\u00a0kg. Anti-Xa in the filtrate was 0.94 IU\/ml (IQR 0.84 to 1.06 IU\/ml). Anti-Xa in the primes was 6.80 IU\/ml (IQR 6.68 to 7.84 IU\/ml). Anti-Xa once on bypass was 3.31 IU\/ml (IQR 2.08 to 4.46 IU\/ml). Antithrombin level on bypass was 38 % (IQR 26 to 57 %). On bypass anti-Xa level was associated with patient weight and antithrombin level but not with activated clotting time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heparin is not freely filtered from the prime, leading to more heparin being present in the prime than desired. Anti-Xa levels on commencing bypass appear to be predictably influenced by hemodilution such that the gap between total heparin present and anti-Xa activity is wider in smaller patients. The activated clotting time does not differentiate lower levels of anti-Xa activity in the setting of extreme haemodilution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02676591251394850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:29:42Z","timestamp":1761989382000},"page":"900-908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparation of a cardiopulmonary bypass priming solution for infants and neonates \u2013 effect of pre-bypass ultrafiltration on heparinization"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0266-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul G.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Haematology Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"},{"name":"Anaesthesia Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suelyn","family":"Van Den Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Haematology Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Letunica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9720-5410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Konstantinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Heart Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"Heart Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Bottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"},{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Anaesthesia Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Ignjatovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Haematology Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Monagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Haematology Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"},{"name":"The Royal Children\u2019s Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Attard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne"},{"name":"Haematology Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X20960730"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/2023039"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.179333"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198308000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/2000322084"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000297290.03501.db"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4_Supplement.258S"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Hemofiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass: the effect on anti-Xa and anti-IIa heparin activity","volume":"84","author":"Despotis GJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Despotis GJ, Levine V, Filos KS, et al. 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