{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:01:09Z","timestamp":1783040469861,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]],"date-time":"2014-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cAdductor canal syndrome\u201d has been described as an unusual cause of acute arterial occlusion inside the Hunter\u2019s canal in young sportsmen. It may also produce a compressive neuropathy of the saphenous nerve. To our knowledge, femoral vein compression in the canal has never been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the anatomy, to propose a physiology of this canal, and to show that the femoral vein is much more exposed than the artery to compression inside this adductor hiatus, particularly at the outlet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The whole adductor canal was exposed in 100 limbs for anatomical study following latex injection. A series of 200 phlebographies and 100 CT venograms were also analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anatomically, we found a musculotendinous band called the \u201cvastoadductor membrane,\u201d which jointed the adductor tendon to the vastus medialis in all the cases. The femoral vein, located more posteriorly, was frequently narrowed at this level. This band can create a notch with a venous stenosis at the outlet of the Hunter\u2019s canal, usually located 12\u201314\u2009cm above the femoral condyle. Two femoral valves constitute the landmark of the canal on the venograms: the lower is just below the outlet, 9\u2009cm above the condyle. The second valve is 3\u2009cm higher inside the canal. Functionally, the cadaveric simulations showed that the contraction of the adductor longus closes the hiatus, while the adductor magnus opens it. Our hypothesis is that Hunter\u2019s canal prevents femoropopliteal axis reflux by synchronizing with calf pump ejection during ambulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compression of the femoral vein inside the adductor\u2019s canal is an underestimated and misdiagnosed cause of postural stenosis of the femoral vein. Ultrasound investigation of both limbs in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) should be systematically carried out at this precise level in order to prevent future occlusion and onset of acute deep vein thrombosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355514551086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]],"date-time":"2014-09-11T03:07:37Z","timestamp":1410404857000},"page":"604-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anatomy of the Hunter\u2019s canal and its role in the venous outlet syndrome of the lower limb"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"JF","family":"Uhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"URDIA Anatomy Research Unit EA4465, Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Gillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"URDIA Anatomy Research Unit EA4465, Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0268355514551086","volume-title":"The knife man (John Hunter\u2019s biography)","author":"Wendy M","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr2-0268355514551086","first-page":"284","author":"Owen R","year":"1879","journal-title":"Brit Med J"},{"key":"bibr3-0268355514551086","first-page":"58","volume":"22","author":"Palma EC","year":"1951","journal-title":"Bol Soc Cir Urug"},{"key":"bibr4-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1984.01390150075018"},{"key":"bibr5-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(72)90236-X"},{"key":"bibr6-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03310270047025"},{"key":"bibr7-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1971.tb02429.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163090-00019"},{"key":"bibr9-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.1.1535173"},{"key":"bibr10-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700405"},{"key":"bibr11-0268355514551086","first-page":"342","volume":"57","author":"Porr J","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"key":"bibr12-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198309000-00004"},{"key":"bibr13-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200203000-00008"},{"key":"bibr14-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2012.012b01"},{"key":"bibr15-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2012.012J07"},{"key":"bibr16-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526.32.2.91"},{"key":"bibr17-0268355514551086","unstructured":"Uhl JF and Caggiati A. Multidetector-row CT angiography. In Medical Radiology (Diagnostic imaging). 2005 (Springer) (Eds) Catalano and Passariello. pp. 199\u2013206."},{"key":"bibr18-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-007-0230-4"},{"key":"bibr19-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/balkanmedj.2012.030"},{"key":"bibr20-0268355514551086","first-page":"6","volume":"92","author":"De Souza RR","year":"1978","journal-title":"Rev Paul Med"},{"key":"bibr21-0268355514551086","first-page":"706","volume":"66","author":"Vitiello FS","year":"1975","journal-title":"Minerva Med"},{"key":"bibr22-0268355514551086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01047.x"},{"key":"bibr23-0268355514551086","unstructured":"Paparo F, Sconfienza LM, Muda A, et\u00a0al. High-resolution ultrasound evaluation of neurovascular and muscular structures of the Hunter canal.\n                      Eur Soc Radiol\n                      2010. 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