{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:29:33Z","timestamp":1785450573355,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tip toe manoeuvre has been promoted as the gold standard plethysmography test for measuring calf muscle pump function. The aim was to compare the tip toe manoeuvre, dorsiflexion manoeuvre and a body weight transfer manoeuvre using the ejection fraction of air-plethysmography and evaluate which has the best pumping effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-six archived tracings on 22 legs were retrieved from an air-plethysmography workshop and analysed. Pumping performance was measured using the calf volume reduction after each manoeuvre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expressed as median [inter-quartile range], body weight transfer manoeuvres resulted in a significantly greater ejection fraction (%) than tip toe manoeuvres at 59.7 [53.5\u201363.9] versus 42.6 [30.5\u201352.6], P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005 (Wilcoxon). There was no significant difference in the ejection fraction between the tip toe manoeuvre versus dorsiflexion manoeuvre, P\u2009=\u20090.615. The repeatability (confidence interval: 95%) of 66 ejection fraction tests was excellent: tip toe manoeuvre (\u00b11.2), dorsiflexion manoeuvre (\u00b11.3) and body weight transfer manoeuvre (\u00b11.6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The body weight transfer manoeuvre appears to be a better method of measuring the full potential of the calf muscle pump with a 40.1% relative increase in the ejection fraction compared to a tip toe manoeuvre. Exercises which involve body weight transfers from one leg to the other may be more important in optimizing calf muscle pump function than ankle movement exercises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355517709410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T08:52:14Z","timestamp":1495443134000},"page":"353-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Optimizing calf muscle pump function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Christopher R","family":"Lattimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Josef Pflug Vascular Laboratory, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK"},{"name":"West London Vascular and Interventional Centre, Middlesex, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00f4pital Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evi","family":"Kalodiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Josef Pflug Vascular Laboratory, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK"},{"name":"West London Vascular and Interventional Centre, Middlesex, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0268355517709410","first-page":"75","volume":"2","author":"Allan JC","year":"1964","journal-title":"S Afr J Surg"},{"key":"bibr2-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(88)90075-4"},{"key":"bibr3-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90145-C"},{"key":"bibr4-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(94)90223-2"},{"key":"bibr5-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(95)70030-7"},{"key":"bibr6-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430160061011"},{"key":"bibr7-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70013-7"},{"key":"bibr8-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.00993.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2000.00025.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.137.9.1064"},{"key":"bibr11-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2003.09.036"},{"key":"bibr12-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2007.00327.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.11.061"},{"key":"bibr14-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2009.009023"},{"key":"bibr15-0268355517709410","first-page":"511","volume":"33","author":"Partsch H","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"bibr16-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2016.01.005"},{"key":"bibr17-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.04.001"},{"key":"bibr18-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvm.2016.08.002"},{"key":"bibr19-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.09.027"},{"key":"bibr20-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(89)90417-5"},{"key":"bibr21-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2016.09.012"},{"key":"bibr22-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2013.06.002"},{"key":"bibr23-0268355517709410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2014.07.005"},{"key":"bibr24-0268355517709410","first-page":"91","volume":"22","author":"Franceschi C","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mal Vasc"},{"key":"bibr25-0268355517709410","unstructured":"Gardner AMN and Fox RH.\n                      The venous system in health and disease\n                      . 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