{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:51:22Z","timestamp":1782172282139,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Union of Phlebology","award":["Kreussler Young Scientists\u2019 Sclerotherapy Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Kreussler Young Scientists\u2019 Sclerotherapy Award"]}]},{"name":"American College of Phleoblogy","award":["Research Trainee Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Trainee Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of detergent sclerosants, sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol, on endothelial cell activation and microparticle release and the effects of detergent sclerosants, sirolimus and propranolol, on apoptosis in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and murine haemangioendothelioma (EOMA) cell lines were incubated with different concentrations of sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol, as well as sirolimus and propranolol. Endothelial activation was assessed using flow cytometry for CD62e (E-Selectin), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD105 (endoglin), CD144 (VE-Cadherin), CD146 (MCAM) and the release of endothelial microparticles. Cell proliferation was assessed using [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assays. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry for lactadherin\/propidium iodide staining and for Caspase-3 expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sublytic concentrations of sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol (0.075%\u20130.3%) increased the expression of the activation markers CD62e and CD54. The expression of CD105 decreased in sclerosant treated cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Both sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol induced the release of endothelial microparticles. All agents inhibited cell proliferation. Sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol-induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase-3 expression, whereas sirolimus and propranolol increased caspase-3 expression only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sublytic concentrations of detergent sclerosants induce endothelial activation and the release of endothelial microparticles. All agents were anti-proliferative in EOMA cell lines, with sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol inducing cellular apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355520913384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T01:35:59Z","timestamp":1585272959000},"page":"566-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sirolimus and propranolol inhibit endothelial proliferation while detergent sclerosants induce endothelial activation, microparticle release and apoptosis in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-7213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David E.","family":"Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gerbelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Bar\u00e3o de Mau\u00e1, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Ning","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Cooley-Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulani","family":"Goonawardhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0630-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurosh","family":"Parsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St. Vincent\u2019s Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0268355520913384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2012.03.023"},{"key":"bibr2-0268355520913384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooley-Andrade O, Jothidas A, Goh WX, et\u00a0al. 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