{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:31:58Z","timestamp":1787063518916,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finland\u2019s state funding for university hospitals","award":["24771\/K47859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24771\/K47859"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) affect approximately 1% of the adult population and incur significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Endovenous interventions, such as endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), have shown benefits in treating venous insufficiency in patients with VLUs. However, the effect of specifically targeting the sub-ulcer venous plexus with foam sclerotherapy remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FINNULCER trial is investigating the addition of sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy to conventional endovenous treatment (EVLA + UGFS) for managing superficial venous insufficiency in patients with VLUs. The primary aim is to evaluate the effect of sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy in promoting ulcer healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with VLUs are being screened at four vascular surgery units in Finland. Eligible participants who provide informed consent are randomized into the study group to receive sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy + EVLA + UGFS or into the control group to receive EVLA + UGFS. The primary outcome is the time to ulcer healing during 1 year of follow-up from randomization. Secondary outcomes include quality of life assessments and procedure-related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04737941).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555251335618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T06:34:41Z","timestamp":1744871681000},"page":"713-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trial protocol for evaluating sub-ulcer foam sclerotherapy as an adjunct to conventional endovenous treatment in patients with venous leg ulcers: The FINNULCER multicenter randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0396-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toni","family":"Pihlaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasi","family":"Ohtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1518-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harri","family":"Hakovirta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Viljamaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiia","family":"Kukkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarit","family":"Venermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoliina","family":"Halmesm\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Pokela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200311000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010029"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.126547"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16353-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"CD000265","article-title":"Compression for venous leg ulcers","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Meara S","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Meara S, Cullum N, Nelson EA, et al. Compression for venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11: CD000265.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39216.542442.BE"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801214"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2021.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15347346241283142"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Preliminary experience with a new sclerosing foam in the treatment of varicose veins","volume":"27","author":"Tessari L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tessari L, Cavezzi A, Frullini A. Preliminary experience with a new sclerosing foam in the treatment of varicose veins. 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