{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:25:18Z","timestamp":1780590318028,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) is a minimally invasive procedure recommended for the management of chronic venous disease, particularly for varicose veins and saphenous trunk insufficiency, although rare, systemic effects may occur. The study aims to evaluate the impact of UGFS on pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular function through indirect echocardiographic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 50 patients with incompetent great saphenous veins underwent UGFS. Preoperative assessments and echocardiographic monitoring of right heart function were conducted at baseline (T0), 5 min (T5), 10 min (T10), and 15 min (T15) after FS injection. Primary endpoint included changes in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAPs), while secondary endpoints focused on tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular diameter (RVD1). Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and linear mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated a significant increase in PAPs from T0 to T10 (mean increase of 8.13 mmHg, p &lt; .01) and T5, with a reduction at T15 that remained above baseline (mean difference of 3.01 mmHg, p &lt; .01). TAPSE showed a significant increase at T15 compared to T0 (mean increase of 1.6\u00a0mm, p = .04). No significant changes were observed in RVD1. Importantly, no local or systemic complications occurred, and all patients remained asymptomatic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UGFS is a safe and effective treatment for chronic venous disease, with transient and benign alterations in right heart hemodynamic likely attributable to foam degradation products. Further studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are warranted to enhance understanding of the long-term effects of UGFS on pulmonary hemodynamic and right ventricular function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555261451569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:43:51Z","timestamp":1778183031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating right ventricle and pulmonary pressure changes after foam sclerotherapy injection for great saphenous vein incompetence"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Rosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosi Vascular Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Cordiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASL1Umbria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Ceccaroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosi Vascular Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0724-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Bissacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355519870690"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.01.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.05.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.05.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2023.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2009.009051"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2009.009049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2012.012120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513483280"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2353040903"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355516683922"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041270"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Timing and modality of the sclerosing agents binding to the human proteins: laboratory analysis and clinical evidences","volume":"3","author":"Tessari L","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tessari L, Izzo M, Cavezzi A, et al. Timing and modality of the sclerosing agents binding to the human proteins: laboratory analysis and clinical evidences. Vein Lymphat 2014; 3: 36\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/vl.2014.3275","journal-title":"Vein Lymphat"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2010.010029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Endothelin in the pulmonary circulation with special reference to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction","volume":"46","author":"Holm P","year":"1997","unstructured":"Holm P. Endothelin in the pulmonary circulation with special reference to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Scand Cardiovasc J Suppl 1997; 46: 1\u201340.","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J Suppl"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","first-page":"769","article-title":"Prevention of excessive endothelin-1 release in sclerotherapy: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"40","author":"Frullini A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frullini A, Da Pozzo E, Felice F, et al. Prevention of excessive endothelin-1 release in sclerotherapy: in vitro and in vivo studies. Dermatol Surg 2014; 40(7): 769\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dsu.0000000000000038","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"The role of endothelin-1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"2014","author":"Chester AH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chester AH, Yacoub MH. The role of endothelin-1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. 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