{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:12:37Z","timestamp":1785514357893,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacological therapies are recommended for patients with chronic venous disease (CVD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted this network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the safety and efficacy of pharmacological interventions in terms of ulcer healing, pain and heaviness for CVD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>51 RCTs (6800 patients) fulfilled eligibility criteria. Pentoxifylline (Relative risk [RR] = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.34 \u2013 2.14), Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction (RR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.23 \u2013 2.29) and Sulodexide (RR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.16 \u2013 2.23) significantly increased ulcer healing. Only Calcium dobesilate (RR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14 \u2013 0.64) significantly reduced pain compared to the control group. Calcium dobesilate (RR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08 \u2013 0.63) and Centella asiatica (RR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11 \u2013 0.81) significantly reduced heaviness. Red vine leaf extract (RR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44 \u2013 0.87) was significantly associated with fewer adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacological interventions were efficacious for CVD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555261474557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:16:05Z","timestamp":1785402965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacological interventions to treat chronic venous disease: A network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7570-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7167-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim-Ngan Thi","family":"Ta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-6446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Jen","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taipei Medical University"},{"name":"Taipei Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"CD003229","article-title":"Phlebotonics for venous insufficiency","volume":"11","author":"Martinez-Zapata MJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martinez-Zapata MJ, Vernooij RW, Simancas-Racines D, et al. 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