{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:39:45Z","timestamp":1791409185495,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipedema is a chronic progressive disease characterized by disproportionate and symmetric adipose tissue accumulation, predominantly affecting women, with upper extremity involvement (Type IV) in approximately 30% of cases. This study aimed to evaluate ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous tissue thickness in the upper extremities of women with lipedema compared with matched controls and to establish diagnostic cutoff values for this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional case-control study including 102 women (51 with clinically diagnosed lipedema and 51 age- and BMI-matched controls). Bilateral ultrasound measurements were obtained at six standardized anatomical points on the upper extremities, and subcutaneous thickness was measured from the dermal-epidermal junction to the deep fascia. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to derive diagnostic cutoff values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subcutaneous thickness was significantly greater in the lipedema group at all sites, independent of BMI (p &lt; .05). The mid-arm region (10\u00a0cm distal to the axillary line) showed the best diagnostic performance (AUC 0.74; sensitivity 82.4%; specificity 51.9%; cutoff &gt;11.4\u00a0mm), and four of the six points demonstrated good accuracy (AUC 0.73\u20130.74).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound using standardized anatomical points and defined cutoff values provides good discriminatory capacity for diagnosing upper extremity lipedema and represents an accessible and reproducible adjunct to clinical assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555261475099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:36:46Z","timestamp":1785382606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasound criteria for upper extremity lipedema diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4272-646X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanilda Souto","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Fanilda Barros, Vascular Ultrasound Unit, Vit\u00f3ria, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3405-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabela Rodrigues","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prime Care Medical Complex, Vascular Surgery Unit, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Department of Vascular Ultrasound, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Henriques Lyra","family":"Frasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Patr\u00edcia Lyra, Plastic Surgery Unit, Vit\u00f3ria, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Carvalho","family":"De Nadai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Vasti, Plastic Surgery Unit, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-34-5-1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-9590.21.04604-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"Subcutaneous adipose tissue diseases: dercum disease, lipedema, familial multiple lipomatosis, and madelung disease","author":"Herbst KL","unstructured":"Herbst KL. Subcutaneous adipose tissue diseases: dercum disease, lipedema, familial multiple lipomatosis, and madelung disease. Endotext. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/nbk552156\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555211015887"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-9590.21.04604-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","unstructured":"Herbst KL. Subcutaneous adipose tissue diseases: dercum disease lipedema familial multiple lipomatosis and madelung disease. 2019 Dec 14. In: Feingold KR Ahmed SF Anawalt B et al. (eds). Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-022-03216-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00703-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2530-5875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15091397"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14364"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555211002340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13648"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"Duplex sonographical criteria for lymphedema and lipedema [1]","volume":"34","author":"Marshall M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marshall M. Duplex sonographical criteria for lymphedema and lipedema [1]. Phlebologie 2005; 34(6): 325\u2013326. https:\/\/www.embase.com\/search\/results?subaction=viewrecord&id=L43066817&from=export","journal-title":"Phlebologie"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54891-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86717-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031599"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2022.0082"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2017.0090"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555211068954"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-238103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-021-00222-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000520"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8747461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsvi.2026.100412"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319099"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123081"}],"container-title":["Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02683555261475099","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02683555261475099","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02683555261475099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:44:07Z","timestamp":1785699847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02683555261475099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02683555261475099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02683555261475099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-3555","1758-1125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-3555","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"article-number":"02683555261475099"}}