{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:56:55Z","timestamp":1790521015086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018806","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CFB444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFB444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018806","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the efficacy and safety of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for preventing lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during lithotomy position surgery.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Seventy-six patients receiving lithotomy position surgery were randomized equally into control and experimental groups (n = 38 each). The control group received standard intraoperative thromboprophylaxis; the experimental group added intraoperative NMES on the basis of standard prophylaxis. We compared perioperative plasma D-dimer, popliteal vein diameter and blood flow velocity, 24-h postoperative DVT incidence after fascial closure, and NMES-related adverse events between groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities 24 hours after fascial closure was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 4.145,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .042); Following surgery, the popliteal vein blood flow velocity in both lower limbs of the experimental group was significantly faster than that of the control group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the diameter of the popliteal veins between the two groups; there was no statistically significant difference in plasma D-dimer levels between the two groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; .05), and no adverse events related to the use of the neuromuscular stimulator occurred in the experimental group.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The use of a neuromuscular electrical stimulator during surgery in patients undergoing lithotomy position procedures can accelerate the venous flow rate of lower limb veins, alleviate venous stasis in the lower limbs caused by the placement of lithotomy positions, and help to prevent the occurrence of DVT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555261490357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:16:26Z","timestamp":1790277386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical study of neuromuscular electrical stimulator for prevention of intraoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing lithotomy position surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3027-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12020220"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.170018"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2024.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13305"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","first-page":"150","article-title":"Pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"51","author":"Navarrete S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Navarrete S, Solar C, Tapia R, et al. Pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2025; 51(2): 150\u2013162.","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-024-01462-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000002007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","first-page":"773","volume-title":"Guidelines for Perioperative Practice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guideline for prevention of venous thromboembolism. In Guidelines for Perioperative Practice; AORN, Inc.: , 2018; pp. 773\u2013798."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.09.020"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","first-page":"CD011764","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism","author":"Hajibandeh S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajibandeh S, Hajibandeh S, Antoniou GA, et al. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; (11): CD011764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011764.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","volume-title":"Lower limb deep vein diameters beneath medical compression stockings in the standing position","author":"Rastel D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rastel D, Lun B. Lower limb deep vein diameters beneath medical compression stockings in the standing position. Semantic Scholar, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154527"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.14360"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13510"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for Perioperative Practice","author":"AORN","year":"2024","unstructured":"AORN. Guideline for positioning the patient. In: Guidelines for Perioperative Practice. AORN, Inc., 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16507-16"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","first-page":"e48421","article-title":"A review of the preventive strategies for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients","volume":"15","author":"Onwuzo CN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Onwuzo CN, Olukorode J, Sange W, et al. A review of the preventive strategies for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients. Cureus 2023; 15(11): e48421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.48421","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00787-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555241228899"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","first-page":"CD007162","article-title":"Knee length versus thigh length graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in postoperative surgical patients","volume":"2012","author":"Sajid MS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sajid MS, Desai M, Morris RW, et al. Knee length versus thigh length graduated compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis in postoperative surgical patients. 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