{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:46:13Z","timestamp":1791740773284,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the frequency of probable lipedema among women with lower extremity pain (LEP) using a validated screening questionnaire and to examine its associations with neuropathic pain (NP) characteristics, functional status, psychological symptoms, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective questionnaire-based case\u2013control study included 133 women, comprising 68 women with LEP and 65 age-matched healthy controls. Participants were evaluated using the Lipedema Screening Questionnaire (LSQ), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), PainDETECT questionnaire, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). An LSQ score of \u22658 was classified as probable lipedema, whereas a score of \u226512 was classified as high-probability lipedema. These categories indicate screening probability rather than a confirmed clinical diagnosis of lipedema. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, and multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with LSQ and LEFS scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women with LEP had significantly higher LSQ scores and a greater proportion of probable lipedema (36.8% vs 12.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .001) and high-probability lipedema (19.1% vs 3.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .003) than controls. Compared with controls, women with LEP had poorer lower extremity function, greater anxiety symptoms, more prominent NP characteristics, and lower physical and mental HRQoL scores (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). Higher LSQ scores were positively correlated with PainDETECT scores (r = 0.446,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), whereas pain intensity was not significantly correlated with the evaluated clinical outcomes. In multivariable linear regression, PainDETECT score was independently associated with LSQ score (\u03b2 = 0.382,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .004). For functional status, both the SF-12 physical (\u03b2 = 0.352,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .001) and mental component scores (\u03b2 = 0.362,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .002) were independently associated with LEFS scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probable lipedema was more frequently identified by LSQ among women with LEP than among healthy controls. NP characteristics were independently associated with greater lipedema-related symptom burden, whereas lower extremity function was independently associated with both physical and mental HRQoL. These findings support the use of lipedema and NP screening as complementary components of the clinical assessment of women with LEP. However, LSQ findings should not be interpreted as a clinical diagnosis of lipedema and require confirmation through appropriate clinical assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555261490379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T10:06:23Z","timestamp":1791453983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening for lipedema in women with lower extremity pain and its associations with functional status, pain, mood, and quality of life: A questionnaire-based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fclseren","family":"Demir Karak\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yozgat Bozok University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Said Otlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yozgat Bozok University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4610-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"\u015eahing\u00f6z Bak\u0131rc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yozgat Bozok University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Balbalo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yozgat Bozok University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evren","family":"Ya\u015far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yozgat Bozok University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:107894"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00235-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-017-1220-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054969"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-34-5-1243"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000363503.92360.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Tan\u0131dan Tedaviye Lip\u00f6dem: Sa\u011fl\u0131k Profesyonelleri \u0130\u00e7in Rehber Kitap","author":"AyhanLip\u00f6dem F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"AyhanLip\u00f6dem F. Klinik tan\u0131, evreleme, tiplendirme, de\u011ferlendirme ve tan\u0131 kriterleri. In: Borman P, Dalyan M, Ayhan FF (eds) Tan\u0131dan Tedaviye Lip\u00f6dem: Sa\u011fl\u0131k Profesyonelleri \u0130\u00e7in Rehber Kitap. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitapevi, 2019, pp. 17\u201334."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","first-page":"396","article-title":"Lipedema\u2014pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options","volume":"117","author":"Kruppa P","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kruppa P, Georgiou I, Biermann N, et al. Lipedema\u2014pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int 2020; 117: 396\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0396","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","article-title":"The Association Between Lipedema and Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"15","author":"Amato AC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amato AC, Amato JL, Benitti DA, et al. The Association Between Lipedema and Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder. Cureus. 2023; 15(2): e35570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.35570","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","volume-title":"Screening for lipedema in adult women","author":"Oehlert EJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oehlert EJ. Screening for lipedema in adult women. Oklahoma City University, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","first-page":"170","article-title":"Prevalence of clinical manifestations and orthopedic alterations in patients with lipedema: a prospective cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Forner-Cordero I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Forner-Cordero I, Perez-Pomares M, Forner A, et al. Prevalence of clinical manifestations and orthopedic alterations in patients with lipedema: a prospective cohort study. Lymphology 2021; 54: 170\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2458\/lymph.4838","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2025.2592718"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X231202769"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555251343148"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555231221615"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36516\/jocass.1663040"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2025.101196"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-09092-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2024.2390051"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1483570"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab512"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1883750"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40945-023-00171-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463716680560"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-025-04024-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23938\/ASSN.1115"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61399\/ikcusbfd.1323399"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2024.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.200114"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2026.17048"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.6165"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2384-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","first-page":"187","article-title":"Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon olcegi Turkce formunun gecerlilik ve guvenilirligi","volume":"8","author":"Aydemir O","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aydemir O. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon olcegi Turkce formunun gecerlilik ve guvenilirligi. T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Derg 1997; 8: 187\u2013280.","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12222"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of SF-12 health survey","volume":"33","author":"Soylu C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soylu C, K\u00fct\u00fck B. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of SF-12 health survey. T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Derg 2022; 33: 108.","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Psikiyatri Derg"}],"container-title":["Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02683555261490379","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02683555261490379","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02683555261490379","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T16:56:18Z","timestamp":1791737778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02683555261490379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02683555261490379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02683555261490379","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-3555","1758-1125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-3555","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"article-number":"02683555261490379"}}