{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:31Z","timestamp":1792787671208,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine","award":["2023zhyx-C53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023zhyx-C53"]}]},{"name":"Basic and the Clinical Cooperative Research Promotion Plan of Anhui Medical University","award":["2020xkjT029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020xkjT029"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xb04968","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phlebology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and validate a risk stratification model that identifies varicose vein patients at high risk of Endothermal Heat-Induced Thrombosis (EHIT) following thermal ablation to guide optimized surveillance and anticoagulation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this single-center retrospective cohort study, a total of 525 affected limbs treated by radiofrequency and microwave ablation were included. Patients were randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 368) and a validation cohort (n = 157) in a 7:3 ratio. Preoperative clinical data, including Great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter, reflux time, sex, and Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification, were analyzed. Predictors were identified through Spearman correlation and \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests. The model\u2019s performance was assessed using C-index and confusion matrix in the validation cohort. All data analysis and visualization were performed using R software, with a p-value below 0.05 considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EHIT occurred in 24 patients (overall rate: 4.57%) at 1\u00a0week postoperatively. Of these, 21 were EHIT class I and 3 were EHIT class II. Significant predictors included GSV diameter, reflux time, CEAP classification and sex. The logistic regression model demonstrated strong calibration and discrimination (C-index = 0.853 in train cohort), with an optimal risk threshold of 5.4% established for risk stratification. In the validation cohort, the model achieved 79.61% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 78.8% specificity. A web-based calculator was developed to assist clinicians in estimating individual EHIT risk and guiding surveillance strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified sex, GSV diameter, reflux time, and CEAP classification as predictors and developed a logistic model with a 5.4% risk threshold for EHIT stratification. For patients classified as average-risk, omission of routine ultrasound surveillance could be considered, whereas high-risk patients may benefit from intensified ultrasound surveillance and extended anticoagulation, but external multicenter validation is required before adoption in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555261493216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:26:57Z","timestamp":1790267217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modification of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis follow-up strategy using a risk stratification model after endovenous thermal ablation"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University"},{"name":"Anhui Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, The People\u2019s Hospital of Chizhou, Chizhou, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4308-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binshan","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","first-page":"682","article-title":"Varicose veins: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"99","author":"Raetz J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raetz J, Wilson M, Collins K. 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