{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:38:34Z","timestamp":1775767114315,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Using institutional theory, this study offers an integrated framework that describes the diffusion of business-to-business e-commerce within a country. The model specifies the role of national institutional frameworks, international institutional pressures, and market complexity in business-to-business e-commerce diffusion. We test this model using archival, cross-sectional data from 146 countries for the period from 2013 to 2016. The study also compares the roles of these factors in business-to-business e-commerce diffusion across developed and developing countries. The results suggest that national institutional frameworks, international institutional pressures, and market complexity contribute positively to business-to-business e-commerce diffusion and that the influence of these variables varies according to the degree of a country\u2019s development. Theoretical, research, and managerial implications of the study are also discussed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0268396220961396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T11:38:23Z","timestamp":1613907503000},"page":"258-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Understanding the global diffusion of B2B E-commerce (B2B EC): An integrated model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Alsaad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Jadara University, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"Taamneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jadara University, Jordan"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Sila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EMLYON Business School, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-3355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamzah","family":"Elrehail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skyline University College, United Arab Emirates"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0268396220961396","first-page":"515","volume":"130","author":"Alsaad A","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia"},{"key":"bibr2-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/asl.2015.6194"},{"key":"bibr3-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.040"},{"key":"bibr4-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.2018.1476830"},{"key":"bibr5-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09537325.2018.1432853"},{"key":"bibr6-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2019.101158"},{"key":"bibr7-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsaad AK, Yousif KJ, AlJedaiah MN (2018) Collaboration: The key to gain value from IT in supply chain. EuroMed Journal of Business 13(2). Available at: https:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/10.1108\/EMJB-12-2017-0051","DOI":"10.1108\/EMJB-12-2017-0051"},{"key":"bibr8-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-011-9329-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr9-0268396220961396","first-page":"35","volume":"40","author":"Bensaou M","year":"1999","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"bibr10-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2257.2008.00461.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10290-009-0045-y"},{"key":"bibr12-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.20546"},{"key":"bibr13-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.04.004"},{"key":"bibr14-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/gpl024"},{"key":"bibr15-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2007.10.003"},{"key":"bibr16-0268396220961396","unstructured":"Comtrade UN (2015) UN Comtrade database. UN Comtrade Online. Available at: https:\/\/comtrade.un.org\/"},{"key":"bibr17-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03090569510095008"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-0268396220961396","first-page":"1","volume":"52","author":"Cox D","year":"1984","journal-title":"International Statistical Review \/ Revue Internationale De Statistique"},{"key":"bibr19-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0038-4941.2006.00376.x"},{"key":"bibr20-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00078"},{"key":"bibr21-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09593840910937508"},{"key":"bibr22-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10438590500216016"},{"key":"bibr23-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00071"},{"key":"bibr24-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095101"},{"key":"bibr25-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1080.0195"},{"key":"bibr26-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2012.02.002"},{"key":"bibr27-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206312471391"},{"key":"bibr28-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2189\/asqu.51.2.205"},{"key":"bibr29-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-18762011000300002"},{"key":"bibr30-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-006-0035-8"},{"key":"bibr31-0268396220961396","unstructured":"Eurostat (2015) Information society statistics\u2014enterprises. Available at: http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Information_society_statistics_-_enterprises#E-commerce (accessed 14 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr32-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1040.0343"},{"key":"bibr33-0268396220961396","unstructured":"Forrester Research (2015) US B2B eCommerce forecast: 2015 to 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.forrester.com\/US+B2B+eCommerce+Forecast+2015+To+2020\/fulltext\/-\/E-RES115957 (accessed 12 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr34-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03090569310039705"},{"key":"bibr35-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1569150053888236"},{"key":"bibr36-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jeg\/1.1.5"},{"key":"bibr37-0268396220961396","unstructured":"GetElastic (2015) Ecommerce trends in the middle east. Available at: http:\/\/www.getelastic.com\/ecommerce-trends-in-the-middle-east-infographic\/"},{"key":"bibr38-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240309472"},{"key":"bibr39-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10196780410001675077"},{"key":"bibr40-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-015-9616-8"},{"key":"bibr41-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3094804"},{"key":"bibr42-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1355\/9789812305848-016"},{"key":"bibr43-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0963-8687(01)00058-0"},{"key":"bibr44-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240507000601"},{"key":"bibr45-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoandorg.2012.06.002"},{"key":"bibr46-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-6125-2"},{"key":"bibr47-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-014-9503-8"},{"key":"bibr48-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249629"},{"key":"bibr49-0268396220961396","unstructured":"IMF (2017) World Economic Outlook Database. Available at: https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2017\/01\/weodata\/index.aspx (accessed 13 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr50-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0001839215590153"},{"key":"bibr51-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jit.2000056"},{"key":"bibr52-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.08.018"},{"key":"bibr53-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2007.906848"},{"key":"bibr54-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/0022051042177685"},{"key":"bibr55-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985796"},{"key":"bibr56-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.5.2.139"},{"key":"bibr57-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1999.1893938"},{"key":"bibr58-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2013.07.003"},{"key":"bibr59-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10196780252844562"},{"key":"bibr60-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/101967801753405535"},{"key":"bibr61-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2015.03.003"},{"key":"bibr62-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2011.09.001"},{"key":"bibr63-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2005.05.002"},{"key":"bibr64-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2006.20208686"},{"key":"bibr65-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478874"},{"key":"bibr66-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6435.2006.00329.x"},{"key":"bibr67-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.2006.88.1.46"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr68-0268396220961396","first-page":"484","volume":"30","author":"Malone TW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"bibr69-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2008.31193458"},{"key":"bibr70-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102506"},{"key":"bibr71-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer JW, Boli J, Thomas GM, et al. (1997) World society and the nation-state. The American Journal of Sociology 103(1): 144\u2013181. Available at: http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2782801 (accessed 13 October 2019).","DOI":"10.1086\/231174"},{"key":"bibr72-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/226550"},{"key":"bibr73-0268396220961396","unstructured":"Mia I and World Economic Forum (2006) 1 connecting the world to the networked economy: A progress report based on the findings of the networked readiness index 2006\u20132007. Available at: http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.580.2879"},{"key":"bibr74-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2009.13"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr75-0268396220961396","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Mohamad R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce"},{"key":"bibr76-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1385212"},{"key":"bibr77-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-8287.2005.tb00269.x"},{"key":"bibr78-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.47.1.189.10662"},{"key":"bibr79-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571011087428"},{"key":"bibr80-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.6.3.218"},{"key":"bibr81-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jibs.8490991"},{"key":"bibr82-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/11.1.17"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr83-0268396220961396","first-page":"723","volume":"51","author":"Prakash A","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Studies"},{"key":"bibr84-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2006.00188.x"},{"key":"bibr85-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2011.02.004"},{"key":"bibr86-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1999.1085"},{"key":"bibr87-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.10.2.167"},{"key":"bibr88-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00171"},{"key":"bibr89-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5414.2005.00077.x"},{"key":"bibr90-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2007.07.003"},{"key":"bibr91-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoneco.2015.06.008"},{"key":"bibr92-0268396220961396","volume-title":"Institutions and Organizations","author":"Scott WR","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr93-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2015.06.010"},{"key":"bibr94-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1314215.1314223"},{"key":"bibr95-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10660-013-9110-7"},{"key":"bibr96-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEB.2015.071386"},{"key":"bibr97-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571211264654"},{"key":"bibr98-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240102"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr99-0268396220961396","first-page":"14","volume":"26","author":"Srivastava SC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Communications of the association for information system"},{"key":"bibr100-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10864415.2016.1122438"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr101-0268396220961396","first-page":"41","volume":"28","author":"Templeton GF","year":"2011","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"bibr102-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30036518"},{"key":"bibr103-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thatcher SMB, Foster W, Zhu L (2006) B2B e-commerce adoption decisions in Taiwan: The interaction of cultural and other institutional factors. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 5(2): 92\u2013104. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.elerap.2005.10.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2005.10.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr104-0268396220961396","volume":"2","author":"Totonchi J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ijeeee.org"},{"key":"bibr105-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1097198X.2002.10856317"},{"key":"bibr106-0268396220961396","unstructured":"United Nations (2015) Information Economy Report. Available at: http:\/\/unctad.org\/en\/PublicationsLibrary\/ier2015_en.pdf (accessed 13 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr107-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2011.01.001"},{"key":"bibr108-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2015.03.005"},{"key":"bibr109-0268396220961396","unstructured":"World Economic Forum (2015) The Global Competitiveness Index Historical Dataset \u00a9 2005\u20132015. Available at: http:\/\/www.weforum.org"},{"key":"bibr110-0268396220961396","unstructured":"World Economic Forum (2016) Global Information Technology Report. Available at: http:\/\/www.weforum.org"},{"key":"bibr111-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1110.0394"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr112-0268396220961396","first-page":"215","volume":"45","author":"Zaheer S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"bibr113-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268580912443577"},{"key":"bibr114-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ejis.3000650"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr115-0268396220961396","first-page":"53","volume":"11","author":"Zhu L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Commerce Research"},{"key":"bibr116-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15228053.2014.987612"},{"key":"bibr117-0268396220961396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095876"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0268396220961396","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0268396220961396","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0268396220961396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T23:32:58Z","timestamp":1740871978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0268396220961396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0268396220961396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0268396220961396","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-3962","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-4437","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]]}}}