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However, the realization of the opportunities arising from such innovation substantially hinges on interoperability, that is, the ability of two or more systems to exchange information and understand that exchanged information. While interoperability is a long-standing topic in research and practice alike and a valuable knowledge base exists, digital innovation poses novel challenges that might not be covered by conventional wisdom. Accordingly, we review the literature and, first, propose an organizing framework for existing interoperability knowledge involving the contextual conditions of low interoperability, the mechanisms to increase interoperability, and the associated outcomes. Second, we use the framework to identify previous research foci in the scholarly discourse about interoperability and to discuss the potential limitations of this past work in light of digital innovation. Third, we propose a research agenda that enables information systems (IS) research to address the identified limitations\u2014involving conceptual, scoping, and methodological issues\u2014and provide specific recommendations on how to address the identified issues in future IS research. Finally, we propose five major research topics for further inquiry by combining the challenges identified in current knowledge with the current shift toward hyper-connected ecosystems underlying digital innovation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683962211064304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T10:56:11Z","timestamp":1644231371000},"page":"407-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Interoperability in the era of digital innovation: An information systems research agenda"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hodapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SUYUH GmbH, Paderborn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Hanelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Digital Transformation Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2011.03.006"},{"key":"bibr2-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2017.0745"},{"key":"bibr3-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206316678451"},{"key":"bibr4-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.821"},{"key":"bibr5-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2013"},{"key":"bibr6-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2015.0595"},{"key":"bibr7-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2013.8"},{"key":"bibr8-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMR.2011.59330882"},{"key":"bibr9-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2017.1394063"},{"key":"bibr10-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010"},{"key":"bibr11-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.12.004"},{"key":"bibr12-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2020\/14418"},{"key":"bibr13-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2014.104"},{"key":"bibr14-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.44.6.763"},{"key":"bibr15-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2015.6"},{"key":"bibr16-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2019\/14214"},{"key":"bibr17-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.13.4.416.71"},{"key":"bibr18-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37:2.3"},{"key":"bibr19-02683962211064304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2012.12"},{"key":"bibr20-02683962211064304","unstructured":"Bilgeri D, Wortmann F, Fleisch E. 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