{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:27:10Z","timestamp":1783466830165,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Digital platforms have proven to be efficient matchmakers in our networked economy and society. However, their tremendous potential is a double-edged sword, and concerns about their malpractices and negative impact have risen remarkably. In the light of practical relevance, research on digital platform regulation (DPR) did not contribute very much. Especially information systems (IS) which, as a discipline, seems predestined to explain the problems at the confluence of technology\u2013economy\u2013society, has barely grazed the issue of DPR. Particularly, a contribution is missing that at least explores the problems with digital platforms systematically and comprehensively. In response to this aim, we pursue a two-step approach: First, we apply qualitative meta-analysis of 211 cases as well as a number of regulation papers and actual regulation endeavors to identify and conceptualize the problem scope and potential regulatory approaches for platform problems. Second, we condense our findings into a conceptual model. Our findings show that digital platforms exploit both platform- and monopoly-related problems to assert themselves in different markets. Through their impactful platform governance, they even have become serious challengers to the regulator in controlling market access, key conditions, and resources. At this, they rely on the efficient use of data and digital technologies to effectively orchestrate platform agents and their transactions. The outcome of the paper is a set of two structured instruments that fill a void in interdisciplinary research and provide support to DPR practitioners for a systematic approach to regulation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/02683962221146803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T04:42:01Z","timestamp":1670388121000},"page":"180-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Identifying the patterns: Towards a systematic approach to digital platform regulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4402-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Gleiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"wi-mobile Institute for Digital Transformation, Naumburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Degen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"wi-mobile Institute for Digital Transformation, Naumburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3666-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Key","family":"Pousttchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"wi-mobile Institute for Digital Transformation, Naumburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Digital Platforms","author":"ACCC","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr2-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjaa004"},{"key":"bibr3-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2019.12.011"},{"key":"bibr4-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Understanding Regulation: Theory, Strategy, and Practice","author":"Baldwin R","year":"2012","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr5-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00575"},{"key":"bibr6-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-019-00331-4"},{"key":"bibr7-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Platform Regulations","author":"Belli L","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr8-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3191231"},{"key":"bibr9-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20161079"},{"key":"bibr10-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Google Is Giving Away Meet Video Chat to Catch Up to Zoom \u2013 Bloomberg.com","author":"Bergen M","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr11-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517211017308"},{"key":"bibr12-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2019.1203"},{"key":"bibr13-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2016.11.003"},{"key":"bibr14-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2020.103971"},{"key":"bibr15-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpet.12255"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr159-02683962221146803","first-page":"27","volume":"72","author":"Bloch-Wehba H","year":"2019","journal-title":"SMU Law Review"},{"key":"bibr16-02683962221146803","volume-title":"The Digital Services Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the New Competition Tool","author":"Broadbent M","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.69554\/LXST2119","volume":"11","author":"Butler T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions"},{"key":"bibr18-02683962221146803","volume":"14","author":"Cammaerts B","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"bibr19-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2021.105559"},{"key":"bibr20-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Chai SH, Nicholson B, Scapens RW, Yang C. Digital platforms, surveillance and processes of demoralization. In: ICIS 2020 Proceedings; 2020."},{"key":"bibr21-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Social media: is it really biased against us republicans?","author":"Clayton J","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr22-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222270303"},{"key":"bibr23-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Airbnb\u2019s legal troubles: what are the issues?","author":"Coldwell W","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr24-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joms.12427"},{"key":"bibr25-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2018.0794"},{"key":"bibr26-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-5895(04)21005-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr27-02683962221146803","first-page":"124","volume":"39","author":"Creswell JW","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theory and Practice"},{"key":"bibr28-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/12460125.2020.1815440"},{"key":"bibr29-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtab052"},{"key":"bibr30-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Is Apple Planning to Enter Cloud Computing Space?","author":"Dang TK","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr31-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2019.105374"},{"key":"bibr160-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1103308818755516"},{"key":"bibr32-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2017.10.003"},{"key":"bibr33-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41265-016-0033-3"},{"key":"bibr34-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14494035.2020.1809052"},{"key":"bibr35-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Dolata 2017 \u2013 Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft","author":"Dolata U","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr37-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Eckhardt A. The significant others of subjective norm - a scientometric study of subjective norm in is top-journals over two decades. In: ECIS 2009 Proceedings; 2009."},{"key":"bibr38-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-06945-6"},{"key":"bibr39-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Brookings","author":"Engler A","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr40-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Booking.com Hits Out at EU Rules: It Says Will \u2018Hobble\u2019 Platform","author":"Espinoza J","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr41-02683962221146803","first-page":"667","volume":"1","author":"Evans DS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Competition Law and Policy"},{"key":"bibr42-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Fadler M, Legner C. Who owns data in the enterprise? Rethinking data ownership in times of big data and analytics. In: ECIS 2020 Proceedings; 2020."},{"key":"bibr43-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Foerderer J, Bender M, Heinzl A. Regulation of digital platform ecosystems: evidence from russia\u2019s google vs yandex ruling. In: ICIS 2018 Proceedings; 2018."},{"key":"bibr44-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Fuest B. Googles betriebssystem steckt in der update-falle (android in an update trap). 2019. Welt. https:\/\/www.welt.de\/wirtschaft\/webwelt\/article191971689\/Android-Google-will-Update-Problem-auf-Smartphones-loesen.html. (21 January 2021)."},{"key":"bibr45-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Report of the Working Group on Platform Scale","author":"Fukuyama F","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr46-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Report of the Digital Competition Expert Panel","author":"Furman J","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr47-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/joclec\/nhaa012"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr48-02683962221146803","volume":"37","author":"Gal M","year":"2021","journal-title":"Berkeley Technology Law Journal"},{"key":"bibr49-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2014.03.006"},{"key":"bibr50-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14479338.2021.1965888"},{"key":"bibr51-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2020.102045"},{"key":"bibr52-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Case Study Research: Principles and Practices","author":"Gerring J","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr53-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2020.100876"},{"key":"bibr54-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412963909"},{"key":"bibr157-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-021-00467-2"},{"key":"bibr55-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951719897945"},{"key":"bibr56-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Call for Papers for a Special Issue of the Journal of Information Technology","author":"Gozman D","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr57-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/2msqe.00023"},{"key":"bibr161-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Die neuen Steueroasen sind legal","author":"Greive M","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr162-02683962221146803","volume-title":"The looming tax war \u2013 a decaying international tax regime threatens the global economy","author":"Grindberg I","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr58-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2019.04.008"},{"key":"bibr59-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2021.102152"},{"key":"bibr60-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Halckenhaeusser A, Foerderer J, Heinzl A. Platform governance mechanisms: an integrated literature review and research directions. In: ECIS 2020 Proceedings; 2020."},{"key":"bibr61-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11301-021-00247-4"},{"key":"bibr62-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-019-00377-4"},{"key":"bibr63-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14763\/2019.2.1398"},{"key":"bibr64-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Hermes S, Clemons E, Schreieck, et al. Breeding grounds of digital platforms. In: ECIS 2020 Proceedings; 2020a."},{"key":"bibr65-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Hermes S, Pfab S, Hein A, et al. Digital platforms and market dominance. In: PACIS 2020 Proceedings; 2020b."},{"key":"bibr66-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2010.18"},{"key":"bibr67-02683962221146803","volume-title":"I Tried to Live Without the Tech Giants. It Was Impossible. - The New York Times","author":"Hill K","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr68-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428113484969"},{"key":"bibr69-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2018.02.006"},{"key":"bibr70-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3555915"},{"key":"bibr71-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoecopol.2020.100883"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr72-02683962221146803","first-page":"564","volume":"126","author":"Khan LM","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Yale Law Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr73-02683962221146803","volume":"119","author":"Khan LM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Columbia Law Review"},{"key":"bibr74-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2018.06.004"},{"key":"bibr75-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2017.10.004"},{"key":"bibr76-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2017.02.003"},{"key":"bibr77-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2021.104295"},{"key":"bibr163-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2019.102564"},{"key":"bibr78-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Competition in Digital Markets: A Review of Expert Reports","author":"Lancieri F","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr79-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Who Owns the Future?","author":"Lanier J","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr80-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.03.036"},{"key":"bibr81-02683962221146803","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Liebowitz SJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Research in Law and Economics"},{"key":"bibr82-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2020.102623"},{"key":"bibr83-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Amazon Met with Startups About Investing, Then Launched Competing Products","author":"Lombardo C","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr84-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3431205"},{"key":"bibr85-02683962221146803","volume-title":"The Atlantic","author":"MacGuineas M","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr86-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(94)00041-2"},{"key":"bibr87-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clsr.2019.105372"},{"key":"bibr88-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Restoring Balance to Digital Competition \u2013 Sensible Rules, Effective Enforcement","author":"Marsden P","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr89-02683962221146803","volume":"1","author":"Mayring P","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forum: Qualitative Social Research"},{"key":"bibr90-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Australia Is Making Google and Facebook Pay for News: What Difference Will the Code Make?","author":"Meade A","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr91-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003141327"},{"key":"bibr92-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Versch\u00e4rfte Altersbeschr\u00e4nkung (fierce youth restrictions)","author":"M\u00fcller T","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr93-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Majority Report on Digital Markets. Majority Staff Report and Recommendations","author":"Nadler J","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr94-02683962221146803","volume-title":"WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram and iMessage: Choosing a Private Encrypted Chat App","author":"Nguyen N","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr95-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985000"},{"key":"bibr96-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/poi3.177"},{"key":"bibr97-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Google \u2018Paid Apple $1bn in 2014 to Keep Search on iPhone\u2019","author":"Novet J","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr98-02683962221146803","volume-title":"US Placing Catch Up in Regulating Big Tech","author":"Nylen L","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr164-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Tax and digitalisation","author":"OECD","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr99-02683962221146803","first-page":"881","volume":"79","author":"Orbach B","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antitrust Law Journal"},{"key":"bibr158-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2008.37"},{"key":"bibr100-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3608397"},{"key":"bibr101-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Parker G, van Alstyne MW. Managing platform ecosystems. In: ICIS 2008 Proceedings; 2008."},{"key":"bibr102-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy and How to Make Them Work for You","author":"Parker G","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr103-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3654009"},{"key":"bibr104-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.06.009"},{"key":"bibr165-02683962221146803","volume-title":"ICIS 2020 Proceedings","author":"Perscheid G","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr105-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198837701.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr106-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199329175.013.623"},{"key":"bibr107-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00290-y"},{"key":"bibr154-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CBI.2019.00063"},{"key":"bibr155-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-019-00363-w"},{"key":"bibr156-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEB.2011.040354"},{"key":"bibr108-02683962221146803","first-page":"912","volume":"35","author":"Rahman KS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yale Journal on Regulation"},{"key":"bibr109-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/idpl\/ipy017"},{"key":"bibr110-02683962221146803","volume-title":"General Morphological Analysis","author":"Ritchey T","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr111-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/154247603322493212"},{"key":"bibr112-02683962221146803","first-page":"480","volume":"10","author":"Rogers B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harvard Law and Policy Review"},{"key":"bibr113-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijindorg.2020.102585"},{"key":"bibr114-02683962221146803","first-page":"892","volume-title":"The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods","author":"Rothbauer P","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr166-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14763\/2016.2.418"},{"key":"bibr167-02683962221146803","first-page":"875","volume-title":"The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods","author":"Sandelowski M","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr115-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Ein neuer Wettbewerbsrahmen f\u00fcr die Digitalwirtschaft (A new competition framework for the digital economy)","author":"Schallbruch M","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr116-02683962221146803","volume-title":"How Uber Uses Psychological Tricks to Push Its Drivers\u2019 Buttons","author":"Scheiber N","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr117-02683962221146803","volume-title":"German Court Bans Uber\u2019s Ride-Hailing Services in Germany","author":"Schuetze A","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr168-02683962221146803","volume-title":"14th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik","author":"Setzke DS","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr119-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy","author":"Shapiro C","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr120-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1354-7798.2005.00291.x"},{"key":"bibr121-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00741"},{"key":"bibr122-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Twitter\u2019s Trump Ban Could Lead to Regulation Rethink, Says Hancock","author":"Sparrow A","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr123-02683962221146803","volume":"16","author":"Srinivasan D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Berkeley Business Law Journal"},{"issue":"24","key":"bibr124-02683962221146803","volume":"55","author":"Srinivasan D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stanford Technology Law Review"},{"key":"bibr125-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Digitaler Kapitalismus: Markt und Herrschaft in der \u00d6konomie der Unknappheit (Digital Capitalism)","author":"Staab P","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr126-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Staykova KS, Damsgaard J. Platform expansion design as strategic choice: the case of wechat and kakaotalk. In: ECIS 2016 Proceedings; 2016."},{"key":"bibr127-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunstein CR. Valuing FacebookBehavioural Public Policy3. Cambridge University Press; 2020:370-381.","DOI":"10.1017\/bpp.2018.34"},{"key":"bibr128-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Principles of Microeconomics","author":"Taylor JB","year":"2010","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr129-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2018\/11881"},{"key":"bibr130-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1100.0318"},{"key":"bibr131-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.449"},{"key":"bibr132-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Inside the Google-Facebook Ad Deal at the Heart of a Price-Fixing Lawsuit","author":"Tracy R","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr133-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Online Harms","author":"UK Government","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr134-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900007797"},{"key":"bibr135-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00618-y"},{"key":"bibr136-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820940293"},{"key":"bibr137-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-021-00464-5"},{"key":"bibr138-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Without Apple and Google, the UK\u2019s contact-tracing app is in trouble","author":"Vincent J","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr139-02683962221146803","unstructured":"von Briel F, Davidsson P. Digital platforms and network effects: using digital nudges for growth hacking. In: ICIS 2019 Proceedings; 2019."},{"key":"bibr140-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9050734"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr141-02683962221146803","first-page":"iii","volume":"15","author":"Wand Y","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Database Management"},{"key":"bibr142-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20190086"},{"key":"bibr143-02683962221146803","volume-title":"New Digital Realities \u2013 New Oversight Solutions in the US","author":"Wheeler T","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr169-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv1fx4h9c"},{"key":"bibr144-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2020.104060"},{"key":"bibr145-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2019.3351"},{"key":"bibr146-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Zhang N, Sia SK, Lee G. Sharing economy disruption and the quest for new institutional legitimacy. In: ICIS 2017 Proceedings; 2017."},{"key":"bibr147-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1540496X.2019.1624523"},{"key":"bibr148-02683962221146803","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Zhang L, van Alstyne MW. How users drive value in two-sided markets: platform designs that matter. In: ICIS 2020 Proceedings; 2020."},{"key":"bibr149-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.2932"},{"key":"bibr150-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.31.3.113"},{"key":"bibr151-02683962221146803","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2015.5"},{"key":"bibr152-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Policy Paper","author":"Zuluaga D","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr153-02683962221146803","volume-title":"Morphological View (Entdecken, Erfinden, Forschen im Morphologischen Weltbild","author":"Zwicky F","year":"1966","edition":"2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02683962221146803","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02683962221146803","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02683962221146803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T22:42:26Z","timestamp":1740868946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02683962221146803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"references-count":167,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02683962221146803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02683962221146803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-3962","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-4437","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]}}}