{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:09:40Z","timestamp":1790460580928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Sociology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article adapts Robert Merton\u2019s theory of coping with social strain to revisit the main paradigms in the literature of migrant adaptation. Intersecting this literature with Merton\u2019s theory of coping with social strain and the ideas of emergence and resistance, the authors develop five new ideal types of migrant adaptation: (1) migrant conformity through straight-line assimilation; (2) migrant ritualism through multidirectional assimilation; (3) migrant retreatism through segmented assimilation; (4) migrant innovation through transnationalism; and (5) migrant rebellion through cosmopolitanism. The authors\u2019 typology makes the point that migrant adaptation is a plural and ambiguous process, which needs to be understood and explained to identify the causes and effects of long-term migrant adaptation, integration or non-integration. The results show that these ideal types provide an explanation of how and why many of the paradigms on which the literature on migrant adaptation is based also lead to different forms of migrant non-adaptation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0268580912469236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T05:53:26Z","timestamp":1358402006000},"page":"48-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modeling migrant adaptation: Coping with social strain, assimilation, and non-integration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Chan","family":"Kwok-bun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chan Institute of Social Studies, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Pl\u00fcss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/fen016"},{"key":"bibr2-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-7379.2007.00103.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Conversations About Reflexivity","author":"Archer MS","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr4-0268580912469236","volume-title":"The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures","author":"Ashcroft B","year":"2005","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr5-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030437540803300303"},{"key":"bibr6-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0197-9183.2008.01148.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7185(02)00036-2"},{"key":"bibr8-0268580912469236","volume-title":"The Risk Society and Beyond","author":"Beck U","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr9-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Cosmopolitan Vision","author":"Beck U","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr10-0268580912469236","volume-title":"The Location of Culture","author":"Bhabha H","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr11-0268580912469236","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education","author":"Bourdieu P","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr12-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8129.2008.00359.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740468105052582"},{"key":"bibr14-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Chinese Business Networks: State, Economy and Culture","author":"Chan KB","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr15-0268580912469236","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context, and Practice","author":"Chan KB","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr16-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14781150303905"},{"key":"bibr17-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203029534"},{"key":"bibr18-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203029510"},{"key":"bibr19-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02604020701804886"},{"key":"bibr20-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Chinese Businessmen: Ethnic Resources and Business Strategies","author":"Chan KB","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr21-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Hybridity: Promises and Limits","author":"Chan KB","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr22-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Hybrid Hong Kong","author":"Chan KB","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr23-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Cultural Hybridity: Contradictions and Dilemmas","author":"Chan KB","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr24-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02604021003680537"},{"key":"bibr25-0268580912469236","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Living Intersections: Transnational Migrant Identifications in Asia","author":"Chan KB","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr26-0268580912469236","unstructured":"Chan KB, Chan WW (n.d.) Return migrants in Israel, Singapore and Hong Kong."},{"key":"bibr27-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Living Together: Mainland China Professionals and Cultural and Artistic Workers in Hong Kong","author":"Chan KB","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr28-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1360.2011.01102.x"},{"key":"bibr29-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-4446.2006.00092.x"},{"key":"bibr30-0268580912469236","first-page":"217","volume-title":"The Transnational Studies Reader: Intersections and Innovations","author":"Du Bois WEB","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr31-0268580912469236","volume-title":"The Rules of Sociological Method","author":"Durkheim E","year":"1927"},{"key":"bibr32-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0374.2007.00175.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870701599440"},{"key":"bibr34-0268580912469236","first-page":"vii","volume-title":"Ethnic Identity and Assimilation: The Polish Community","author":"Gans H","year":"1973"},{"key":"bibr35-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age","author":"Giddens A","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr36-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews and Italians of New York City","author":"Glazer N","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr37-0268580912469236","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Displacements and Diasporas: Asians in the Americas","author":"Glick Schiller N","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr38-0268580912469236","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Rethinking Migration","author":"Glick Schiller N","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr39-0268580912469236","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Migration and Transnational Social Spaces","author":"Glick Schiller N","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr40-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2011.533781"},{"key":"bibr41-0268580912469236","volume-title":"The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life","author":"Goffman E","year":"1959"},{"key":"bibr42-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face to Face Behavior","author":"Goffman E","year":"1967"},{"key":"bibr43-0268580912469236","first-page":"235","volume-title":"The Transnational Studies Reader: Intersections and Innovations","author":"Hannerz U","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr44-0268580912469236","first-page":"116","volume-title":"The Global Transformations Reader","author":"Hardt M","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr45-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2011.559715"},{"key":"bibr46-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2084686"},{"key":"bibr47-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2131-3"},{"key":"bibr48-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Flexible Citizenship: The Cultural Logics of Transnationality","author":"Ong A","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr49-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Race and Culture","author":"Park RE","year":"1950"},{"key":"bibr50-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Introduction to the Science of Sociology","author":"Park RE","year":"1921"},{"key":"bibr51-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Globalization and Culture: Global M\u00e9lange","author":"Pieterse JN","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr52-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0268580905052369"},{"key":"bibr53-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0374.2011.00308.x"},{"key":"bibr54-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2966-7_7"},{"key":"bibr55-0268580912469236","unstructured":"Pl\u00fcss C (n.d.) Transnational self-reflexivity: Analyzing migrants constructions of cultural hybridity and cosmopolitanism."},{"key":"bibr56-0268580912469236","first-page":"248","volume-title":"The Economic Sociology of Immigration","author":"Portes A","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr57-0268580912469236","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Migration, Globalization and Ethnic Relations: An Interdisciplinary Approach","author":"Portes A","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr58-0268580912469236","volume-title":"Immigrant America: A Portrait","author":"Portes A","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr59-0268580912469236","first-page":"85","volume-title":"The New Immigration: An Interdisciplinary Reader","author":"Portes A","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr60-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-7379.2007.00063.x"},{"key":"bibr61-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12134-003-1018-y"},{"key":"bibr62-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392105048291"},{"key":"bibr63-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dsp.1991.0004"},{"key":"bibr64-0268580912469236","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Globalization: A Very Short Introduction","author":"Steger M","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr65-0268580912469236","first-page":"164","volume-title":"Intersecting Inequalities: Class, Race, Sex and Sexualities","author":"Waldinger R","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr66-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0374.00043"},{"key":"bibr67-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094249"},{"key":"bibr68-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980412331297618"},{"key":"bibr69-0268580912469236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/179325405788639102"}],"container-title":["International Sociology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0268580912469236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0268580912469236","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0268580912469236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1777463782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0268580912469236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0268580912469236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0268580912469236","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-5809","1461-7242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-5809","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}