{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:05:51Z","timestamp":1787018751154,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To examine the effect of heat and duration of stretching on the extensibility of hamstring muscles and their electromyographic responses to passive stretch in children with hypertonia and severe mental retardation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design: Randomized cross-over trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Setting: Developmental disability unit in a local hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Participants: Twenty-nine subjects (9 females) with ages ranged from 4 to 13 years with spastic and\/or dystonic hypertonia and hamstring tightness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Interventions: Subjects received four treatment sessions in random order with each consisting of five repetitions of stretching: (A) 10-second stretching, (B) 30-second stretching, (C) hot pack followed by 10-second stretching, and (D) hot pack followed by 30-second stretching. Each treatment session comprised five repetitions of stretch and successive treatments were separated by at least 24 hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Main outcome measures: The distance between greater trochanter and lateral malleolus and hamstring electromyographic (EMG) activity during passive knee extension stretching.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Two-way ANOVA showed a larger increase in hamstring extensibility in conditions C and D (1.3 \u00b1 1.1 cm) than conditions A and B (0.7 \u00b1 0.9 cm) (P&lt;0.001). For the EMG recordings, conditions B and D (-25.1 \u00b1 58.4\u03bcV) had greater decrease than conditions A and C (-3.5 \u00b1 36.6 \u03bcV) (P= 0.039).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Heat application to the hamstrings before stretching could result in greater increase in extensibility than stretching alone in children with hypertonia and severe mental retardation. Stretching could promote relaxation of the hamstring muscles regardless of prior heat treatment. Stretching sustained for 30 seconds led to greater relaxation than that for 10 seconds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508090067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]],"date-time":"2008-08-26T11:29:00Z","timestamp":1219750140000},"page":"771-779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of stretching and heat treatment on hamstring extensibility in                 children with severe mental retardation and hypertonia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Glory PS","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Caritas Jockey Club Lok Yan School, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel YF","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University,                         Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199612000-00010"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.0090s1003.x"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20284"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20285"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"97","volume":"63","author":"Tardieu C.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb6","author":"Goldspink G.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Heinemann"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162201000597"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.11.041","volume":"85","author":"Chung SG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v04n01_04","volume":"4","author":"McPherson JJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2001.00037.x"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(18)30032-9"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.0090s1017.x"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000141130.58285.DA"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PEP.0000083045.13914.D4"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1300\/J006v07n03_03","volume":"7","author":"Miedaner JA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1987.01400140103014"},{"key":"atypb17","author":"Low J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Butterworth-Heinemann"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"465","volume":"52","author":"Warren CG","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"122","volume":"57","author":"Warren CG","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1992.16.5.200"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1984.6.2.110"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1995.21.5.283"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"324","volume":"31","author":"Brodowicz GR","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.897"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Foundations of clinical research. 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