{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:36:47Z","timestamp":1788572207029,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To investigate whether practising reaching for virtual moving targets would improve motor performance in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design: Randomized pretest\u2013posttest control group design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Setting: A virtual reality laboratory in a university setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Participants: Thirty-three adults with Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Interventions: The virtual reality training required 60 trials of reaching for fast-moving virtual balls with the dominant hand. The control group had 60 practice trials turning pegs with their non-dominant hand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Main outcome measures: Pretest and posttest required reaching with the dominant hand to grasp real stationary balls and balls moving at different speeds down a ramp. Success rates and kinematic data (movement time, peak velocity and percentage of movement time for acceleration phase) from pretest and posttest were recorded to determine the immediate transfer effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Compared with the control group, the virtual reality training group became faster ( F\u2009=\u20099.08, P\u2009=\u20090.005) and more forceful ( F\u2009=\u20099.36, P\u2009=\u20090.005) when reaching for real stationary balls. However, there was no significant difference in success rate or movement kinematics between the two groups when reaching for real moving balls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: A short virtual reality training programme improved the movement speed of discrete aiming tasks when participants reached for real stationary objects. However, the transfer effect was minimal when reaching for real moving objects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511406757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T01:39:17Z","timestamp":1307065157000},"page":"892-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effects of virtual reality training on functional reaching movements in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hui-Ing","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy and Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Juh","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Kun","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy and Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iat-Fai","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy and Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-5004-3"},{"key":"bibr2-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000313835.33830.80"},{"key":"bibr3-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.4.935"},{"key":"bibr4-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.4.913"},{"key":"bibr5-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.2.2.125"},{"key":"bibr6-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.10.1078"},{"key":"bibr7-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(96)00020-6"},{"key":"bibr8-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.3.368"},{"key":"bibr9-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000130032.97113.E0"},{"key":"bibr10-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20657"},{"key":"bibr11-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00286-5"},{"key":"bibr12-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.4.755"},{"key":"bibr13-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.023"},{"key":"bibr14-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00267-7"},{"key":"bibr15-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-1-8"},{"key":"bibr16-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-1-12"},{"key":"bibr17-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.187"},{"key":"bibr18-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vis.322"},{"key":"bibr19-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-1-11"},{"key":"bibr20-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100871"},{"key":"bibr21-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0802-2"},{"key":"bibr22-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"},{"key":"bibr23-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"bibr24-0269215511406757","unstructured":"Wang C-Y, Hwang W-J, Fang J-J, Sheu C-F, Leong I-F, Ma H-I. Comparison of virtual reality vs. physical reality on movement characteristics of persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Effects of moving targets.\n                      Arch Phys Med Rehabil\n                      in press."},{"key":"bibr25-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215507086181"},{"key":"bibr26-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00339982"},{"key":"bibr27-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.5.413"},{"key":"bibr28-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508098896"},{"key":"bibr29-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090504"},{"key":"bibr30-0269215511406757","first-page":"63","volume":"4","author":"Arbib MA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Neurobiol"},{"key":"bibr31-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215509342334"},{"key":"bibr32-0269215511406757","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr33-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.3.505"},{"key":"bibr34-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050776"},{"key":"bibr35-0269215511406757","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Movement science: Foundations for physical therapy in rehabilitation","author":"Gentile AM","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr36-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060228"},{"key":"bibr37-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-28"},{"key":"bibr38-0269215511406757","first-page":"123","volume":"45","author":"Merians AS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"bibr39-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-6-40"},{"key":"bibr40-0269215511406757","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)57006-2"},{"key":"bibr41-0269215511406757","unstructured":"Portney LG, Watkins MP.\n                      Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice\n                      , third edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ.: Pearson Education, 2009."}],"container-title":["Clinical Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0269215511406757","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0269215511406757","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0269215511406757","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:49:00Z","timestamp":1777394940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0269215511406757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0269215511406757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269215511406757","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2155","1477-0873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2155","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]}}}