{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:05:37Z","timestamp":1793207137931,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011273","name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["600796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To assess the concurrent validity of a smart walker\u2013integrated gait analysis system with the GAITRite\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      system for measuring spatiotemporal gait parameters in potential users of the smart walker.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Criterion standard validation study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research laboratory in a geriatric hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five older adults (\u2a7e65\u2009years) with gait impairments (habitual rollator use and\/or gait speed &lt;0.6\u2009m\/s) and no severe cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination \u2a7e17).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stride, swing and stance time; stride length; and gait speed were simultaneously recorded using the smart walker\u2013integrated gait analysis system and the GAITRite system while participants walked along a 7.8-m walkway with the smart walker. Concurrent criterion-related validity was assessed using the Bland\u2013Altman method, percentage errors (acceptable if &lt;30%), and intraclass correlation coefficients for consistency (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>3,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and absolute agreement (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bias for stride, swing and stance time ranged from \u22120.04 to 0.04\u2009seconds, with acceptable percentage errors (8.7%\u201323.0%). Stride length and gait speed showed higher bias (mean\n                      <jats:sub>bias<\/jats:sub>\n                      (SD)\u2009=\u20090.20 (0.11)\u2009m; 0.19 (0.13)\u2009m\/s) and not acceptable percentage errors (31.3%\u201342.3%). Limits of agreement were considerably narrower for temporal than for spatial-related gait parameters. All gait parameters showed good-to-excellent consistency (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>3,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.72\u20130.97). Absolute agreement was good-to-excellent for temporal (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.72\u20130.97) but only poor-to-fair for spatial-related gait parameters (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.37\u20130.52).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The smart walker\u2013integrated gait analysis system has good concurrent validity with the GAITRite system for measuring temporal but not spatial-related gait parameters in potential end-users of the smart walker. Stride length and gait speed can be measured with good consistency, but with only limited absolute accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215519852143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T08:09:45Z","timestamp":1558944585000},"page":"1682-1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Assessing the concurrent validity of a gait analysis system integrated into a smart walker in older adults with gait impairments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geriatric Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Geriatric Centre at the Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Chalvatzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xanthi S","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1545-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costas S","family":"Tzafestas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen M","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geriatric Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Geriatric Centre at the Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Geriatric Centre at the Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2016.2608720"},{"key":"bibr2-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.07.006"},{"key":"bibr3-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2759807"},{"key":"bibr4-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2014.09.019"},{"key":"bibr5-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2698005"},{"key":"bibr6-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000484663"},{"key":"bibr7-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.4.M221"},{"key":"bibr8-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"bibr9-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.10.005"},{"key":"bibr10-0269215519852143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40244-4_37"},{"key":"bibr11-0269215519852143","first-page":"5037","volume-title":"2017 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