{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:06:55Z","timestamp":1791547615920,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the effects of anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) over primary motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices on Fatigue Severity Scale and its lasting effect on fatigue reduction and improvement in quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n A randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled parallel clinical trial study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting:<\/jats:title>\n Neurological physiotherapy clinics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to three groups: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex a-tDCS, primary motor a-tDCS (experimental groups) and sham a-tDCS. Finally, 36 participants completed the whole study (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200912 in each group).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n Participants in the experimental groups received six-session a-tDCS (1.5\u2009mA, 20\u2009minutes) during two weeks (three sessions per week). The sham group received six sessions of 20-minute sham stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main measures:<\/jats:title>\n The Fatigue Severity Scale and quality of life were assessed before, immediately and four weeks after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Findings indicated a significant reduction in the Fatigue Severity Scale and a significant increase in the quality of life in both experimental groups, immediately after the intervention (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), while Fatigue Severity Scale and quality of life changes were not significant in the sham a-tDCS group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). In addition, improvement of the variables remained four weeks after the intervention in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex a-tDCS (mean differences (95% confidence interval): 0.03 (\u22120.63 to 0.68) as compared to primary motor (\u22120.62 (\u22120.11 to \u22121.14) and sham a-tDCS groups (\u22120.47 (\u22121.37 to 0.43)).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Both primary motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex a-tDCS as compared to sham intervention can immediately improve fatigue and quality of life. However, the effects last up to four weeks only by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex a-tDCS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520921506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1589334707000},"page":"1103-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Comparing the effects of multi-session anodal trans-cranial direct current stimulation of primary motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Mortezanejad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Centre, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ehsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Centre, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooshin","family":"Masoudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosar Hospital, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Zoghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiotherapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shapour","family":"Jaberzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280310001608591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510376405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-131019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-130372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Evaluation of reliability and validity of the Persian version of Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) among persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Shahvarughi-Farahani A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shahvarughi-Farahani A, A\u2019zimian M, Fallah-Pour M, et al. Evaluation of reliability and validity of the Persian version of Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) among persons with multiple sclerosis. Arch Rehab 2013; 13: 84\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Rehab"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0646-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.33316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Multiple sclerosis quality of life (MSQOL)-54 instrument","author":"Vickrey BG.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vickrey BG. Multiple sclerosis quality of life (MSQOL)-54 instrument. 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