{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:04:03Z","timestamp":1789664643266,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009107","name":"V\u00e5rdalstiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"EkstraStiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate immediate and long-term effects of highly challenging balance and gait training on pace-, rhythm-, variability-, asymmetry-, and postural control domains of gait for individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trial - a secondary analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University hospital setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-hundred older adults with mild to moderate PD (Hoehn &amp; Yahr 2 and 3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Training group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200951): 10\u2009weeks (3 times\/week) of intensive balance and gait training, incorporating dual tasks. Control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949): care as usual.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spatiotemporal gait variables collected during normal and fast walking on a pressure-sensitive mat. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate training effects post intervention and at the 6 and 12\u2009month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Immediate training effects in the pace domain of gait were increased step velocity (normal speed: 8.2\u2009cm\/s,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04; fast: 10.8\u2009cm\/s,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), increased step length (normal speed: 3\u2009cm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05; fast: 2.3\u2009cm,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) and reduced swing time variability (fast speed: \u20132.5\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). In the rhythm domain reduced step time (fast speed: \u201319.3\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), stance time (normal: \u201324.3\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01; fast: \u201329.6\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and swing time (fast speed: \u20138.7\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) was seen. Relative to the variability domain, the training decreased step time variability (fast: \u20132.8\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and stance time variability (fast: \u20133.9\u2009ms,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). No training effects were retained at 6\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Highly challenging balance and gait training improved pace, rhythm and variability aspects of PD gait in the short-term, but effects are not retained long-term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT01417598.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215520956503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T05:38:38Z","timestamp":1601271518000},"page":"200-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Highly challenging balance and gait training for individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease improves pace, rhythm and variability domains of gait \u2013 A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1168-5856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Rennie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Department, Nesodden, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arve","family":"Opheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Department, Nesodden, Norway"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuro Science and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Habilitation &amp; Health, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Dietrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"L\u00f6fgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital, Function Allied Health Professionals, Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5520-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Franz\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Research Department, Nesodden, Norway"},{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital, Function Allied Health Professionals, Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.16062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25545"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00034.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls255"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314567150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518784338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality. 1967","volume":"57","author":"Hoehn MM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. 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