{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:05:53Z","timestamp":1787018753791,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the immediate effects of shockwave therapy using two different tips in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised placebo-controlled study with three intervention groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients recruited for this study were sent for physiotherapy treatment at primary care between May and July 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-one patients with chronic non-specific low back pain aged 18\u201380 years with pain for \u22653 months and pain intensity \u22653 were randomly recruited for the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients received a single intervention of radial shockwave therapy with 2000 discharges at 100 mJ energy and 5 Hz frequency using concave or convex tips or placebo treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was pain intensity immediately post-intervention. The secondary outcomes were pressure pain threshold, temporal summation of pain, and functional performance. Data were collected at baseline and post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The post-intervention pain intensity in the concave tip group is an average of two points lower (95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22123.6, \u22120.4; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than that in the placebo group. The post-intervention pressure pain threshold for the concave tip group was an average of 62.8 kPa higher (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.4, 125.1; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) than for the convex tip group and 76.4 kPa higher (95% CI\u2009=\u200914, 138.7; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) than in the placebo group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The concave tip shockwave therapy is effective in reducing pain and local hyperalgesia in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155241251844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T18:46:02Z","timestamp":1715021162000},"page":"1080-1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immediate effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomised placebo-controlled triple-blind trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Greg\u00f3rio Nuernberg","family":"Back","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Carlos\/SP 13565-905, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Peron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos\/SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Vit\u00f3ria Rios","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas\/MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor Estevam","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos\/SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Eloin","family":"Liebano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"bibr2-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204428"},{"key":"bibr3-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0734"},{"key":"bibr4-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.543"},{"key":"bibr5-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005107.pub4"},{"key":"bibr6-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003008.pub3"},{"key":"bibr7-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2020.08.007"},{"key":"bibr8-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5937250"},{"key":"bibr9-02692155241251844","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C, Xiao Z, Chen L, et al. 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