{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:47:21Z","timestamp":1790704041742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the evidence and examine the effectiveness of group-based UL intervention versus individual therapy, in decreasing impairment and improving UL function post-stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of four key databases (CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, and MEDLINE) identified relevant studies published from inception through to November 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two reviewers independently performed screening for inclusion according to selection criteria. Eligible studies provided dose-matched group and individual UL rehabilitation programs. Outcomes that measured UL impairment (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Test) or function (Action Research Arm Test) were extracted for meta-analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 3291 publications, eight studies were included (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009348) (seven randomised controlled trials and one controlled trial) of poor to good quality. A random effects meta-analysis model was conducted. Statistical significance was determined using analysis of covariance. No significant effects were shown in the meta-analyses on the effect of group versus individual therapy on UL impairment (mean difference 0.87, 95% CI: \u22120.87 to 2.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.327) or function (mean difference 1.53, 95% CI: \u22120.23 to 3.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.089). Results were limited by small sample sizes and substantial heterogeneity, with wide variation in intervention type, dosage and setting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analyses suggest group-based UL intervention may be as effective as intervention delivered one-to-one, post-stroke. Additional studies of large sample size and rigorous methodology are necessary to substantiate these findings. Future research should investigate which types of UL intervention are most effective when provided in group-based settings across the different stages of stroke recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155251322999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T13:15:03Z","timestamp":1742217303000},"page":"423-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Group versus individual delivery of upper limb intervention for adults post-stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4858-8357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan T","family":"McNally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Health Community Rehabilitation, Kingston Centre, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Health Community Rehabilitation, Kingston Centre, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Kingston Centre, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(94)90161-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70150-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/096382899297459"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.8.1084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.691942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Is health-related-quality of life of stroke patients influenced by neurological impairments at one year after stroke?","volume":"43","author":"Franceschini M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franceschini M, La Porta F, Agosti M, et al. Is health-related-quality of life of stroke patients influenced by neurological impairments at one year after stroke? Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2010; 43: 389\u2013399.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2020.1738662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60325-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087987"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.06.014"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke","author":"French B","year":"2016","unstructured":"French B, Thomas LH, Coupe J, et al. Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 11: CD006073.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010820.pub2"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Constraint-induced movement therapy for upper extremities in people with stroke","author":"Corbetta D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corbetta D, Sirtori V, Castellini G, et al. Constraint-induced movement therapy for upper extremities in people with stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 10: CD004433.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke","author":"Barclay RE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barclay RE, Stevenson TJ, Poluha W, et al. Mental practice for treating upper extremity deficits in individuals with hemiparesis after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5: CD005950.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke","author":"Thieme H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thieme H, Morkisch N, Mehrholz J, et al. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 7: CD008449.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0370-2"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","article-title":"Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation","author":"Laver KE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laver KE, Lange B, George S, et al. Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11: CD008349.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","article-title":"Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke","author":"Mehrholz J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Platz T, et al. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 9: CD006876.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2016.08.006"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","article-title":"The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke","author":"Clark B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark B, Whitall J, Kwakkel G, et al. The effect of time spent in rehabilitation on activity limitation and impairment after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10: CD012612.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Stroke Foundation. Clinical guidelines for stroke management https:\/\/informme.org.au\/guidelines\/living-clinical-guidelines-for-stroke-management (2023 accessed 19 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.004695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2013.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12470"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","article-title":"Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke","author":"English C","year":"2017","unstructured":"English C, Hillier SL, Lynch EA. Circuit class therapy for improving mobility after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6: CD007513.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310384270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(14)60111-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1103788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International classification of functioning disability and health: ICF https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/42407 (2001 accessed 1 July 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study","volume":"55","author":"De Morton NA","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Morton NA. The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Aust J Phys 2009; 55: 129\u2013133.","journal-title":"Aust J Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation evidence-based review: methodology","volume":"10","author":"Foley NC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foley NC, Teasell RW, Bhogal SK, et al. Stroke rehabilitation evidence-based review: methodology. Top Stroke Rehabil 2003; 10: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.39.6.386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-198112000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr832oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-016-0190-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1592"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"How to control confounding effects by statistical analysis","volume":"5","author":"Pourhoseingholi MA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi MA, Baghestani AR, Vahedi M. How to control confounding effects by statistical analysis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2012; 5: 79.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321992330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017711816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"Effects of circuit class training versus individual, task specific training on upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients","volume":"4","author":"Baig MO","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baig MO, Azmat F. Effects of circuit class training versus individual, task specific training on upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. J Health Rehabil Res 2024; 4: 525\u2013530.","journal-title":"J Health Rehabil Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0000000000000257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-192993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513516967"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508095358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515600206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215512455651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310397205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197771331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.18668"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/73.7.447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000430"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987318825484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Post-stroke visual impairment: a systematic literature review of types and recovery of visual conditions","volume":"5","author":"Hepworth LR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hepworth LR, Rowe FJ, Walker MF, et al. Post-stroke visual impairment: a systematic literature review of types and recovery of visual conditions. Ophthalmol Res: Int J 2015; 5: 1\u201343.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Res: Int J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2024.2305300"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155221083492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","first-page":"398","article-title":"Effectiveness of circuit-based exercises on gait speed, balance, and functional mobility in people affected by stroke: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Bonini-Rocha AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonini-Rocha AC, de Andrade ALS, Moraes AM, et al. Effectiveness of circuit-based exercises on gait speed, balance, and functional mobility in people affected by stroke: a meta-analysis. Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 10: 398\u2013409.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.541946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.08.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0024-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.4","author":"Page MJ","unstructured":"Page MJ, Higgins JPT, Sterne JAC. Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. (eds) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.4. Cochrane, https:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook (2023, accessed 1 February 2024)."}],"container-title":["Clinical Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02692155251322999","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02692155251322999","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02692155251322999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:50:51Z","timestamp":1777395051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02692155251322999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02692155251322999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02692155251322999","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2155","1477-0873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2155","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]}}}