{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:15:05Z","timestamp":1777623305626,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the feasibility of the Yale Swallow Protocol and refine it for parsimony.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four diverse units at a medical centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalised adults at high risk of dysphagia (i.e., those aged over 65 years, admitted for stroke, Parkinson's disease, or head and neck cancer treatment) using consecutive sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A research nurse administered the protocol, recording adverse events, administration time, and failure rates, with an 85% failure rate threshold to assess the ceiling effect. The protocol consists of contraindications, cognitive screenings, oral motor examinations, and a 3-ounce water swallow challenge, but pass\/fail decisions are based solely on contraindications and the water challenge. Parsimonious combinations of items were explored to refine and potentially shorten the protocol. The measurement precision of the refined and shortened protocols was evaluated using the Rasch model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 502 patients enrolled (mean age 71; 59.8% male), no adverse events occurred, and the protocol took under 3\u2005min. The failure rate was 41.8%, indicating no ceiling effect. Five well-fitting items were retained from cognitive screenings and oral motor examinations: location, year, tongue sticking out, lingual motion, and facial symmetry. Both refined protocol (contraindications, five well-fitting items and water challenge) and shortened protocol (contraindications and five well-fitting items) enhanced measurement precision beyond the original version.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Yale Swallow Protocol is a safe, quick, and ceiling-effect-free screening for identifying dysphagia, even among diverse high-risk hospitalised patients. Our study also refined the protocol, achieving better measurement precision than the original protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155251407317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T17:16:40Z","timestamp":1767028600000},"page":"622-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nurse-Administered Yale Swallow Protocol in High-Risk Hospitalised Adults for Dysphagia: Feasibility and Refinement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5010-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University College of Medicine"},{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Informatics, Data Science &amp; Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyng-Guey","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Jen","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine"},{"name":"National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Chu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsueh-Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enjoy Swallowing and Speech Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9144-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang Gung University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9927-6215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl Chia-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University College of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814549156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03380-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1000527"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3376-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1507-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.02797.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182877f57"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10283-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811415803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000547723.69610.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/persp3.SIG13.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Chen C-H. 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