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Vaillant Fonds","award":["N.A."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.A."]}]},{"name":"Ars Donandi \/ Yske Walther fonds","award":["N.A."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.A."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effects of the Wim Hof Method (WHM), with cold exposure (WHM-C) and without (WHM-NC), on mental and physical health in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized-controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rehabilitation center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-two adults with chronic SCI (37% tetraplegia, 41% motor complete) were randomized into three groups: WHM-C, WHM-NC, and usual care (UC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intervention groups participated in a 7-week program involving weekly supervised sessions and daily home practice. WHM-NC included breathing exercises and mindset training, while WHM-C also incorporated cold exposure. UC participants received no intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) score. Secondary outcomes included inflammatory and metabolic markers, pulmonary function, body composition, sleep quality, spasticity, chronic pain, and psychological stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WHM-NC had eight dropouts, mostly due to motivation or unrelated medical issues, while WHM-C and UC had one dropout each. No significant differences in MHI-5 scores were observed between groups. However, WHM-C participants reported reduced pain interference in daily activities compared to UC (p=0.027). WHM-C also showed improvements in inspiratory parameters FIV1 (+27%, p=0.02) and PIF (+23%, p=0.02) and a significant reduction in fasting glucose concentration (-6%, p=0.006) compared to UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While 44% of WHM-NC dropped out, WHM-C appears to be a feasible, effective intervention for improving aspects of physical health and pain perception in a broad group of individuals with chronic SCI, although no significant mental health benefits were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155261428705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:40:24Z","timestamp":1773254424000},"page":"1016-1034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury\u2014Results of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8463-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"de Groot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, \rThe Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank WL","family":"Ettema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"van der Bijll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas WJ","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, \rThe Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy J","family":"Achterberg-Warmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reade Center for Rehabilitation & Rheumatology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"WHM study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven P","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mary\u2019s University"},{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772314Y.0000000245"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2005.10.0155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225749"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286933"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20186784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Breathing exercises, cold-water immersion, and meditation: mind-body practices lead to reduced stress and enhanced well-being","volume":"36","author":"Faid T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faid T, Van Gordon W, Taylor EC. 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