{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:55:41Z","timestamp":1790924141200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective multicentre cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected between 2015 and 2024 from the orthopaedic departments of multiple hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult patients with isolated Mason type I and selected Mason type II radial head fractures (\u22642\u2005mm displacement, no mechanical block) treated nonoperatively between 2015 and 2024 were included. A total of 174 patients met the inclusion criteria and completed a minimum follow-up of 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were allocated to either early controlled mobilisation using a functional brace (Group 1) or delayed rehabilitation following four weeks of long-arm cast immobilisation (Group 2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcome measures were the Mayo Elbow Performance Score at final follow-up. Secondary outcomes included elbow range of motion, pain assessed using the visual analogue scale, time to return to work, and treatment-related complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early controlled mobilisation was associated with slightly higher functional outcome scores, including the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (89.5 vs 87.0) and the Oxford Elbow Score (87.3 vs 85.0). Differences were also observed in elbow flexion (138.0\u00b0 vs 134.8\u00b0), pain scores (0.67 vs 1.01), and time to return to work (10.5 vs 11.7 weeks), whereas extension loss and forearm rotation were comparable between groups. Complication rates were similar. However, the magnitude of these differences did not exceed established minimal clinically important difference thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early controlled mobilisation is a safe and reasonable approach in the nonoperative management of radial head fractures. Although small differences favouring early mobilisation were observed, no clinically meaningful difference was identified between the two approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155261441555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:31:25Z","timestamp":1776094285000},"page":"1353-1365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early controlled mobilisation improves functional outcomes in nonoperatively treated radial head fractures: A multicenter retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-7736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuf","family":"Altuntas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science University, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6205-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enver","family":"Ipek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science University, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9908-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Ali","family":"Bozca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science University, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8766-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Tuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science University, Sancaktepe \u015eehit Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman Tugrul","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science University, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2020.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732241303156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Mudgal CS Phadnis J Joshi M et al. Fractures of the elbow and forearm. In: Tang JB (ed.) Current practice in hand surgery. Berlin Germany: Springer 2025 pp.112\u2013138."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"1909","article-title":"Primary nonoperative treatment of moderately displaced two-part fractures of the radial head","volume":"88","author":"\u00c5kesson T","year":"2006","unstructured":"\u00c5kesson T. Primary nonoperative treatment of moderately displaced two-part fractures of the radial head. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 2006; 88: 1909.","journal-title":"The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jodp.jodp_59_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of Mason type II radial head fractures in athletes. 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