{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T18:12:17Z","timestamp":1777918337992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Palliat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheostomy ventilation in motor neurone disease is an uncommon life-sustaining treatment. Best practice is having a plan for ventilation withdrawal, but the literature to guide practice is limited. Case reports have documented standard doses of opioids and benzodiazepines used for sedation in such cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 49-year-old man was diagnosed with motor neurone disease in 2016. He commenced tracheostomy ventilation in 2018. In 2022 and 2023, planning was undertaken, at the patient\u2019s request, for withdrawal of tracheostomy ventilation at home, when he was no longer able to communicate with technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case planning:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Planning included Bispectral Index monitoring prior to cessation of ventilation, ensuring this only occurred when deep sedation was achieved. After ventilation withdrawal in 2023, a retrospective review of medications given and his level of sedation on monitoring was undertaken, with family consent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventilation withdrawal was initiated after deep sedation was achieved, 6\u2009h after commencing subcutaneous infusions of morphine, midazolam, clonazepam and phenobarbital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lessons:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Doses required to achieve acceptable sedation exceeded literature reports. Achieving deep sedation was a longer than expected process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More research using an objective measure of sedation is required, as clinical assessment of sedation in this context is compromised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163241257580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T01:46:46Z","timestamp":1717552006000},"page":"755-758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bispectral Index monitoring of palliative sedation for home withdrawal of tracheostomy ventilation: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg","family":"Barclay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Services, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5841-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Honorary Research Fellow, Palliative Care Services, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Heath District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Yerbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Harnish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Services, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilda","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Services, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216311425421"},{"key":"bibr2-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.01.011"},{"key":"bibr3-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3722-8"},{"key":"bibr4-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2018-002109"},{"key":"bibr5-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05930-w"},{"key":"bibr6-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163231180656"},{"key":"bibr7-02692163241257580","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2023.03.011"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-02692163241257580","first-page":"178","volume":"27","author":"Tapsell K","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Law 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