{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:05:59Z","timestamp":1787018759586,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Palliat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research evidence is fundamental to informing clinical decision-making and advancing palliative care practice. Although academic, peer-reviewed journals underpin evidence-based healthcare, they represent only part of the knowledge landscape. Incorporating grey literature from sources outside traditional academic publishing can: provide context, balance and diverse perspectives; address knowledge gaps; and mitigate publication bias. However, its decentralised and dispersed nature can pose challenges for researchers unfamiliar with its scope and diversity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present a flexible framework comprising 12 elements to support researchers in systematically identifying and locating grey literature relevant to palliative care across a broad range of sources. The framework accommodates variation in research focus, available resources, and context. Practical guidance is also provided for reporting grey literature searches with the transparency required in systematic reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The framework was developed through expert consensus, informed by the authors\u2019 collective experience in systematic review methodology, grey literature searching, and information retrieval. It has been iteratively refined through teaching and real-world review projects. Each included source was assessed for its depth and breadth of palliative care content.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 12-element framework supports palliative care researchers in planning and executing searches across a wide range of fit-for-purpose sources. Practical examples are provided alongside a classification of grey literature source types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This framework offers structured yet adaptable guidance to support more consistent grey literature engagement. Persistent challenges include defining search boundaries, managing duplication, record-keeping, and assessing quality. Future research should explore the framework\u2019s utility across diverse review types and palliative care research priorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163251381487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T09:40:34Z","timestamp":1761212434000},"page":"1109-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Beyond black and white: A framework for identifying grey literature in palliative care research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6737-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raechel","family":"Damarell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying (RePaDD), College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying (RePaDD), College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4632-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Tyndall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Torrens University, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Phelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying (RePaDD), College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Towards a Prague definition of grey literature","volume":"7","author":"Sch\u00f6pfel J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6pfel J. Towards a Prague definition of grey literature. Grey J 2011; 7: 5\u201318.","journal-title":"Grey J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","author":"GreyNet International","year":"2014","unstructured":"GreyNet International. Pisa declaration on policy development for grey literature resources, 16 May 2014.","journal-title":"Pisa declaration on policy development for grey literature resources"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Glanville J Briscoe S et al Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies. In: Higgins JPT Thomas J Chandler J et al (eds.). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.5. Cochrane 2024. Available at: www.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(01)00315-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Influence seekers: the production of grey literature for policy and practice","volume":"37","author":"Lawrence A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lawrence A. Influence seekers: the production of grey literature for policy and practice. Inf Ser Use 2017; 37: 389\u2013403.","journal-title":"Inf Ser Use"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-074311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Australian Living Evidence Collaboration. About living evidence https:\/\/livingevidence.org.au\/about-living-evidence\/ (2025 accessed 12 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-002982"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-0520-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-018-0364-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-015-0125-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"McMaster University Health Sciences Library. Finding grey literature https:\/\/hslmcmaster.libguides.com\/greylit\/searching (2025 accessed 8 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"University of South Australia Library. Grey literature & other sources https:\/\/guides.library.unisa.edu.au\/GreyLiterature\/Home (2025 accessed 12 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01542-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, et al PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: n160.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0361526X.2020.1847745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Palliative care https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/palliative-care (2020 accessed 12 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0337-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Tyndall J. AACODS checklist https:\/\/fac.flinders.edu.au\/dspace\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/e94a96eb-0334-4300-8880-c836d4d9a676\/content (2010 accessed 12 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.763005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1815-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/smw.2023.40022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2021.102707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson CF. Generative artificial intelligence python and gathering grey literature for a systematic literature review with Google\u2019s programmable search engine [Preprint]. Res Sq https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/article\/rs-4007725\/v1 (2024 accessed 10 April 2025).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4007725\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"3851","article-title":"A systematic review of the limitations and associated opportunities of ChatGPT","volume":"41","author":"Cong-Lem N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cong-Lem N, Soyoof A, Tsering D. A systematic review of the limitations and associated opportunities of ChatGPT. Int J Hum Comput Interact 2025; 41: 3851\u20133866.","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Interact"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Scopus. Scopus AI: Trusted content. Powered by responsible AI https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/products\/scopus\/scopus-ai (accessed 12 September 2024)."}],"container-title":["Palliative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02692163251381487","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/02692163251381487","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/02692163251381487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:37:53Z","timestamp":1777660673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/02692163251381487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/02692163251381487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02692163251381487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2163","1477-030X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2163","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-030X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]}}}