{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:34:11Z","timestamp":1792787651516,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["948609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["948609"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0472cxd90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Palliat Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Place of death is a key population-level indicator for palliative care and health services planning. However, substantial international variation in how it is recorded limits cross-country comparisons and health system evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyse the technical qualities of national place of death classifications and data, and identify strengths and weaknesses from the perspective of researchers using death certificate data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional online survey. The questionnaire design was informed by the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for international statistical and health classifications, and included closed- and open-ended questions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting\/participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen researchers identified through published place of death studies participated. Collectively, they had analysed data from 67 countries until 2022, most for over 10\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most researchers reported that national classifications were stable, had mutually exclusive categories, and included a category for \u201chome\u201d. However, shortcomings were identified: lack of detailed categories for relevant settings (e.g. hospice, nursing home), ambiguous or inconsistent terminology, and limited use of hierarchical or multi-axial structures. Participants emphasised the need for greater standardisation of categories, clearer definitions, and improved data quality through training on completing death certificates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to assess place of death classifications and data from researchers\u2019 perspectives. Findings highlight critical limitations in current classification systems and provide guidance for developing an international classification aligned with UN and WHO recommendations. This will enable more meaningful cross-country comparisons and strengthen evidence to inform palliative care and health services planning worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163261468152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:25:57Z","timestamp":1785749157000},"page":"1420-1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["International differences in the technical qualities of place of death classifications and data: A survey of researchers\u2019 perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7876-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayra","family":"Delalibera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6048-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"NOVA National School of Public Health, CHRC, REAL, CCAL, NOVA University Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3902-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Dias da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8149-1806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King\u2019s College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broad JB Gott M Kim H et al. Where do people die? An international comparison of the percentage of deaths occurring in hospital and residential aged care settings in 45 populations using published and available statistics. Int J Public Health 2013; 58(2): 257\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-012-0394-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0394-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J Pivodic L Miccinesi G et al. International study of the place of death of people with cancer: a population-level comparison of 14 countries across 4 continents using death certificate data. Br J Cancer 2015; 113(9): 1397\u20131404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2015.312","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38740.614954.55"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teno JM Gozalo PL Bynum JP et al. Change in end-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries: site of death place of care and health care transitions in 2000 2005 and 2009. JAMA 2013; 309(5): 470\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.207624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.207624"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes S Bruno de Sousa A Delalibera M et al. The rise of home death in the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study of death certificate data for adults from 32 countries 2012-2021. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 68: 102399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyniers T Deliens L Pasman HR et al. International variation in place of death of older people who died from dementia in 14 European and non-European countries. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16(2): 165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.11.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"United Nations. Best Practice Guidelines for Developing International Statistical Classifications https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/classifications\/bestpractices (2013 accessed 18 September 2025)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO-FIC): development guidelines. WHO; 2021. https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/classification\/who-fic-network\/who-fic-family-paper.pdf (accessed 20 July 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma A Minh Duc NT Luu Lam Thang T et al. A consensus-based checklist for reporting of survey studies (CROSS). 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