{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:29:09Z","timestamp":1777858149263,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Emedastine is registered in its country of origin (Japan) as an antihistamine for the indication of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Further research on the drug's sedating properties was needed to secure its registration elsewhere. The present study was designed to compare the effects of emedastine 2 mg and 4 mg twice daily after single and repeated doses, on actual driving performance versus those of cetirizine 10 mg once daily and placebo; and to determine how repeated doses of each drug interact with alcohol to affect driving. Each treatment was administered for 5 days to 19 healthy volunteers (nine men and ten women, aged 21\u201345 years) according to a four-period double-blind cross-over design. Driving performance was measured in a standardized test between 3 and 4 h after administration of the morning dose on days 1, 4 and 5. Alcohol, sufficient for achieving a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05 g\/dl was given before driving on day 5 of each period. Both emedastine doses similarly and significantly impaired driving in every test. The effects of cetirizine were less. They were significant over days 1, 4 and 5 combined, although not separately. Women were more impaired by both drugs. Alcohol increased driving impairment similarly in every condition. Subjects were only able to discriminate the sedating and impairing effects of the first dose of emedastine 4 mg from placebo. Emedastine, in oral doses of 2mg and 4 mg twice daily, is sedating and impairs driving. The drug could therefore constitute a traffic hazard and its users should be warned accordingly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110201600104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T19:04:54Z","timestamp":1238612694000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Effects of emedastine and cetirizine, alone and with alcohol, on actual driving of males and females"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Vermeeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Brain and Behaviour Institute, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology Section Neurocognition Maastricht University PO Box 616 NL-6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes G.","family":"Ramaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"O'Hanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Brain and Behaviour Institute, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"551","volume":"45","author":"Benavides J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1974.tb02285.x"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Drugs and driving","author":"De Gier J J","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"811","volume":"34","author":"Fukuda T","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP39102"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"117","volume":"2","author":"Hindmarch I","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychomotor effects of astemizole and chlorpheniramine, alone and in combination with alcohol, Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70070-9"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"3089","volume":"31","author":"Ishida M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Identification of human P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of emedastine difumarate Kiso to Rhino"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050705"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280000256"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01523.1996"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7243.1184"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"166","volume":"69","author":"Nicholson A N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01140.x"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"81","volume":"31","author":"O'Hanlon J F","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuro-psychobiology"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"1013","volume-title":"Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress","author":"Overall J E","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192740"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Physicians desk reference","author":"Physician's Desk Reference","year":"1999","edition":"53"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280119","volume":"42","author":"Ramaekers J G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02570506"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Management of allergy in the 1990s","author":"Riedel W J","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Effects of acrivastine, acrivastine plus pseudoephedrine and triprolidine on highway driving","author":"Robbe H W J","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(96)05222-2"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470090301"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"135","volume":"69","author":"Rosenzweig P","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1994.10.653"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0987(94)00065-4"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70240-4"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04265.x"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470070402"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02570505"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050144"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/026988110201600104","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/026988110201600104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:08:23Z","timestamp":1777507703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/026988110201600104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/026988110201600104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026988110201600104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-8811","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}}}