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A four-way, double blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study in 16 healthy volunteers (9 male and 7 female) between the ages of 18 and 29. MDMA (100 mg) was given orally and blood ethanol concentration was maintained at pseudo-steady state levels of 0.6\u2030 by a three-hour 10% intravenous ethanol clamp. Cardiovascular function, temperature and hydration measures were recorded throughout the study days. Ethanol did not significantly affect physiologic function, with the exception of a short lasting increase in heart rate. MDMA potently increased heart rate and blood pressure and induced fluid retention as well as an increase in temperature. Co-administration of ethanol with MDMA did not affect cardiovascular function compared to the MDMA alone condition, but attenuated the effects of MDMA on fluid retention and showed a trend for attenuation of MDMA-induced temperature increase. In conclusion, co-administration of ethanol and MDMA did not exacerbate physiologic effects compared to all other drug conditions, and moderated some effects of MDMA alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108100020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,12]],"date-time":"2008-12-12T21:36:32Z","timestamp":1229117792000},"page":"165-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Ethanol co-administration moderates 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine effects on human physiology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"GJH","family":"Dumont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuropsychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Kramers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical 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