{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:30:39Z","timestamp":1787635839202,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our objectives were to (i) estimate lifetime prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in heroin users and (ii) evaluate psychiatric comorbidity as a predictor of drug-related hospitalization following either (a) methadone maintenance or (b) naltrexone implant treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our method consisted of retrospective, longitudinal follow-up using prospectively collected, state-wide hospital data on two cohorts of heroin-dependent persons (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), first time treated with naltrexone implant ( n\u2009=\u2009317) or methadone ( n\u2009=\u2009521) between January 2001 and December 2002. Outcome measures were: (i) prevalence of comorbidity and (ii) changes in risk for drug-related hospitalization \u2013 categorized as \u2018opioid drugs\u2019, \u2018non-opioid drugs\u2019, and \u2018any drug\u2019 \u2013 to 3.5 years post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Nearly 32% had psychiatric comorbidity. In both cohorts, comorbid patients generally had significantly greater odds of drug-related hospitalization pre-treatment compared with non-comorbid counterparts. These differences generally reduced in magnitude post-treatment. Comorbid naltrexone-treated patients had less \u2018opioid\u2019 and \u2018any drug\u2019 related hospitalizations post-treatment. Similarly, comorbid methadone-treated patients had reduced hospitalization risk for \u2018non-opioid\u2019 and \u2018any drug\u2019 related hospitalization post-treatment. Treatment of persons without depression, anxiety, or personality disorder with naltrexone implant was associated with increased risk of \u2018non-opioid\u2019 drug-related hospitalization, while methadone treatment was associated with increased risk of \u2018opioid\u2019 drug-related hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Although comorbid heroin users entered treatment with significantly higher risk of drug-related hospitalization than non-comorbid users, substantial reductions in drug-related hospitalization were generally observed post-treatment. This challenges the view that comorbidity predicts poor drug treatment outcomes. Differences in research methodology were noted; recommendation for rigorous analytical methodology in future research on assessing treatment outcomes was accordingly offered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110364266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T22:11:05Z","timestamp":1270159865000},"page":"774-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Hospital psychiatric comorbidity and its role in heroin dependence treatment outcomes using naltrexone implant or methadone maintenance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hanh TT","family":"Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia."},{"name":"Current address: Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Medicine and Health Science, Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary K","family":"Hulse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015"},{"key":"bibr2-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00148-4"},{"key":"bibr3-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.890"},{"key":"bibr4-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0211"},{"key":"bibr5-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90164-3"},{"key":"bibr6-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00058-1"},{"key":"bibr7-0269881110364266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01876.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0269881110364266","unstructured":"Drug and Alcohol Office (2006a) Western Australia Clinical Policies and Procedures for the use of Methadone and Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence. 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