{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:16:40Z","timestamp":1790471800082,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,9]],"date-time":"2011-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The sigma-1 (\u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) protein regulates calcium homeostasis and acts as an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone. It can be activated by ligands which impact memory, depression, anxiety or addiction processes. We here characterized the behavioural phenotype of knockout (KO) mice for the \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    protein. Two-month old male \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice showed signs of anxiety in the open-field, passive avoidance or elevated plus-maze test, but other activity or memory responses were unchanged. Female \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice showed deficits in spontaneous alternation or water-maze learning. Twelve-month old \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    female mice showed deficits in alternation and \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice in avoidance escape latency. Two- and 14-month old female \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice showed decreased plasma 17\u03b2-estradiol levels. Treatment with 17\u03b2-estradiol (0.1, 0.2 mg\/kg i.p.) reversed the spatial memory deficits in young and aged mice. Male \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    KO mice showed enhanced response in the forced swimming test. Igmesine, a \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonist, failed to decrease immobility in \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    KO mice. Fluoxetine and sertraline were more efficient in \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    KO mice, an effect likely related to their \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    antagonist activity. Imipramine, desipramine and amitriptyline were equally active. \u03c3\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    Protein invalidation therefore affected stress or anxiety response but not memory in males. Changes in steroid tonus in female animals led, however, to memory impairments that increased with age.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111400648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T01:34:50Z","timestamp":1304991290000},"page":"960-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Behavioural phenotyping of knockout mice for the sigma-1 (\u03c3\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    ) chaperone protein revealed gender-related anxiety, depressive-like and memory alterations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Chevallier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, EPHE, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emeline","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, EPHE, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tangui","family":"Maurice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, EPHE, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, 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