{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:24:50Z","timestamp":1791192290260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,2]],"date-time":"2011-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314921600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Preclinical study results suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are involved in the modulation of addictive behaviour. We investigated alterations in serum levels of BDNF and GDNF in opiate-dependent patients (28 males) who received diacetylmorphine treatment within a structured opiate maintenance programme. BDNF ( T\u2009=\u20092.735, p\u2009=\u20090.009) serum levels were significantly increased in the opiate-dependent patients as compared with healthy controls (21 males), whereas GDNF serum levels ( T\u2009=\u20091.425, p\u2009=\u20090.162) did not differ significantly from GDNF serum levels of the healthy controls. BDNF serum levels were significantly associated with craving for heroin (measured by the Heroin Craving Questionnaire ( r\u2009=\u20090.420, p\u2009=\u20090.029) and by the General Craving Scale ( r\u2009=\u20090.457, p\u2009=\u20090.016), whereas GDNF serum levels were not associated with psychometric dimensions of heroin craving. In conclusion, our results show a positive association between BDNF serum levels and opiate craving in opiate-dependent patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111411332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,3]],"date-time":"2011-09-03T20:13:21Z","timestamp":1315080801000},"page":"1480-1484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Serum levels of BDNF are associated with craving in opiate-dependent patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Heberlein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M","family":"D\u00fcrsteler-MacFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Division of Substance Use Disorders, Basel, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Frieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gr\u00f6sch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominikus","family":"B\u00f6nsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatrisches Krankenhaus Rickling, Rickling, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kornhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard A","family":"Wiesbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Division of Substance Use Disorders, Basel, 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