{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:02:51Z","timestamp":1785934971117,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,3]],"date-time":"2011-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clozapine and some other atypical antipsychotics (e.g. quetiapine, olanzapine) have been found to exert a characteristic profile of action on operant behaviour maintained by progressive-ratio schedules, as revealed by Killeen\u2019s Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement model of schedule-controlled behaviour. These drugs increase the value of a parameter that expresses the \u2018incentive value\u2019 of the reinforcer ( a) and a parameter that is inversely related to the organism\u2019s \u2018motor capacity\u2019 (\u03b4). This experiment examined the effects of two further atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole and amisulpride, on progressive-ratio schedule performance in rats; the effects of clozapine and a conventional antipsychotic, haloperidol, were also examined. In agreement with previous findings, clozapine (4, 8\u2009mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) increased a and \u03b4, whereas haloperidol (0.05, 0.1\u2009mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) reduced a and increased \u03b4. Aripiprazole (3,30\u2009mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) increased \u03b4 but did not affect a. Amisulpride (5, 50\u2009mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) had a delayed and protracted effect: \u03b4 was increased 3\u20136 hours after treatment; a was increased 1.5 hours, and reduced 12\u201324 hours after treatment. Interpretation based on Killeen\u2019s model suggests that aripiprazole does not share clozapine\u2019s ability to enhance reinforcer value. Amisulpride produced a short-lived enhancement, followed by a long-lasting reduction, of reinforcer value. Both drugs impaired motor performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111421974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,3]],"date-time":"2011-10-03T23:16:42Z","timestamp":1317683802000},"page":"1231-1243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of amisulpride and aripiprazole on progressive-ratio schedule performance: comparison with clozapine and haloperidol"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"FS","family":"den Boon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Body","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, 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