{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:06:13Z","timestamp":1793419573258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report follow-up data evaluating the long-term outcomes for the first completed trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy for chronic, treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Mithoefer et al., 2011). All of the 19 subjects who received MDMA-assisted treatment in the original trial participated in the long-term follow-up (LTFU), with 16 out of 19 completing all of the long-term outcome measures, which were administered from 17 to 74 months after the original study\u2019s final MDMA session (mean = 45.4; SD = 17.3). Our primary outcome measure used was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Secondary outcome measures were the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Neuroticism Extroversion Oppenness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) Personality Inventory. We also collected a long-term follow-up questionnaire. Results for the 16 CAPS completers showed there were no statistical differences between mean CAPS score at LTFU (mean = 23.7; SD = 22.8) ( t\n                    <jats:sub>matched<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.1; df = 15, p = 0.91) and the mean CAPS score previously obtained at Study Exit (mean = 24.6, SD = 18.6). On average, subjects maintained statistically and clinically-significant gains in symptom relief, although two of these subjects did relapse. It was promising that we found the majority of these subjects with previously severe PTSD who were unresponsive to existing treatments had symptomatic relief provided by MDMA-assisted psychotherapy that persisted over time, with no subjects reporting harm from participation in the study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112456611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T22:35:04Z","timestamp":1353450904000},"page":"28-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":337,"title":["Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Michael C","family":"Mithoefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Mount Pleasant, SC, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Research for Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic studies (MAPS), Mount Pleasant, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann T","family":"Mithoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Mount Pleasant, SC, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Research for Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic studies (MAPS), Mount Pleasant, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Jerome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Santa Cruz, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott F","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berra","family":"Yazar-Klosinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Santa Cruz, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Consultant in Biostatistics, Daniel Island, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D","family":"Brewerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Mount Pleasant, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Doblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Belmont, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269881112456611","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr2-0269881112456611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.06.018"},{"key":"bibr3-0269881112456611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.003"},{"key":"bibr4-0269881112456611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1635-z"},{"key":"bibr5-0269881112456611","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002730"},{"key":"bibr6-0269881112456611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedek DM, Friedman MJ, Zatzick DF,  (2009) Guideline watch (March 2009): Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. 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