{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:37:32Z","timestamp":1790915852010,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lithium (Li) is the main mood stabilizer and acts on multiple biochemical targets, leading to neuronal plasticity. Several clinical studies have shown that tamoxifen (TMX) \u2013 a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor \u2013 has been effective in treating acute mania. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of TMX on biochemical targets of Li, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK-3\u03b2), PKC, PKA, CREB, BDNF and NGF, in the brain of rats subjected to an animal model of mania induced by d-amphetamine (d-AMPH). Wistar rats were treated with d-AMPH (2mg\/kg, once a day) or saline (Sal; NaCl 0.9%, w\/v), Li (47.5 mg\/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice a day) or TMX (1 mg\/kg i.p., twice a day) or Sal in protocols of reversion and prevention treatment. Locomotor behavior was assessed using the open-field task, and protein levels were measured by immunoblot. Li and TMX reversed and prevented d-AMPH-induced hyperactivity. Western blot showed that d-AMPH significantly increased GSK-3 and PKC levels, and decreased pGSK-3, PKA, NGF, BDNF and CREB levels in the structures analyzed. Li and TMX were able to prevent and reverse these changes induced by d-AMPH in most structures evaluated. The present study demonstrated that the PKC inhibitor modulates the alterations in the behavior, neurotrophic and apoptosis pathway induced by d-AMPH, reinforcing the need for more studies of PKC as a possible target for treatment of bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112463124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,18]],"date-time":"2012-10-18T13:05:19Z","timestamp":1350565519000},"page":"1594-1604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Lithium and tamoxifen modulate cellular plasticity cascades in animal model of mania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kelen","family":"Cechinel-Recco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), and Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, 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