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Male Albino Swiss mice were treated orally with vehicle 10 mL\/kg, fluoxetine 20 mg\/kg, imipramine 15 mg\/kg, diazepam 1 mg\/kg or oleanolic acid 5\u201340 mg\/kg. Pretreatment (intraperitoneal) of animals with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 20 mg\/kg, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4- (2-phthalimido) butyl]piperazine hydrobromide (NAN-190) 0.5 mg\/kg, p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA) 100 mg\/kg or \u03b1-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) 100 mg\/kg, WAY100635 (WAY) 0.3 mg\/kg, prazosin (PRAZ) 1 mg\/kg, yohimbine 2 mg\/kg as well as monoamine oxidase assay and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) quantification were carried out. Oleanolic acid potentiated the hypnotic effect of barbiturate and demonstrated an anxiolytic effect in both the light\u2013dark box and elevated plus maze. This effect was not reversed by PTZ. Acute and\/or chronic oral treatment of mice with oleanolic acid (5\u221220 mg\/kg) elicited an antidepressant effect in the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test without interfering with the locomotor activity. The antidepressant effect of oleanolic acid was attenuated by NAN-190, AMPT, PCPA, WAY and PRAZ. Although monoamine oxidase activity remained unaltered by oleanolic acid, chronic administration of oleanolic acid augmented hippocampal BDNF level. These findings demonstrate multiple mechanisms of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of oleanolic acid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114536789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:01:10Z","timestamp":1402531270000},"page":"923-934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Plurality of anxiety and depression alteration mechanism by oleanolic acid"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"James O","family":"Fajemiroye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia-GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablinny M","family":"Galdino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia-GO, 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