{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T16:00:15Z","timestamp":1793980815725,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dyspnea, \u2018hunger for air\u2019, and the urge to flee are the cardinal symptoms of respiratory-type panic attacks. Patients also show baseline respiratory abnormalities and a higher rate of comorbid and antecedent respiratory diseases. Panic attacks are also precipitated by both the infusion of 0.5 M sodium lactate and the inhalation of 5\u20137% carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in predisposed patients, but not in healthy volunteers nor patients without panic disorder. Further studies show that patients with panic are also hyper-responsive to hypoxia. These and other observations led Klein (1993) to suggest that clinical panic is the misfiring of a suffocation alarm system. In rats, cytotoxic hypoxia of chemoreceptor cells by intravenous injection of potassium cyanide (KCN) produces short-lasting flight behaviors reminiscent of panic attacks. KCN-induced flight behaviors are blocked both by denervation of chemoreceptor cells and lesion of dorsal periaqueductal gray matter, a likely substrate of panic. Herein, we show that KCN-evoked flight behaviors are also attenuated by both acute and chronic treatment with clonazepam (0.01\u20130.3 mg\/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) and fluoxetine (1\u20134 mg\/kg\/day, i.p. for 21 days), respectively. Attenuation of KCN-evoked panic-like behaviors by clinically-effective treatment with panicolytics adds fresh evidence to the false suffocation alarm theory of panic disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114552714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,2]],"date-time":"2014-10-02T20:26:23Z","timestamp":1412281583000},"page":"1184-1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evidence of a suffocation alarm system sensitive to clinically-effective treatments with the panicolytics clonazepam and fluoxetine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Fagna Giacomin","family":"Schimitel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES), Vit\u00f3ria, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Janaina Torres","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES), Vit\u00f3ria, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Tufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UFSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos","family":"Schenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES), Vit\u00f3ria, 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