{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:39:30Z","timestamp":1780529970957,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]],"date-time":"2016-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471651200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Psychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) questionnaire and the pattern of cannabis use in a non-clinical sample collected by snowball sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our sample was composed of 204 subjects, distributed into three groups by their cannabis use pattern: 68 were non-cannabis users, 40 were moderate cannabis users and 96 were daily cannabis users. We assessed the psychotic experiences in each group with the CAPE questionnaire; and then controlled for the effect of possible confounding factors like sex, age, social exclusion, age of onset of cannabis use, alcohol use and other drug use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a significant quadratic association between the frequency of cannabis use and positive (\u03b2 = \u22121.8; p = 0.004) and negative dimension scores (\u03b2 = \u22121.2; p = 0.04). The first-rank and mania factors showed a significant quadratic association ( p &lt; 0.05), while the voices factor showed a trend ( p = 0.07). Scores for the different groups tended to maintain a U-shape in their values for the different factors. When we adjusted for gender, age, social exclusion, age of onset of cannabis use, and use of alcohol and other drugs, only the first-rank experiences remained significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found there was a U-shaped curve in the association between cannabis use and the positive and negative dimensions of the CAPE score. We also found this association in mania and first-rank experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116660712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,18]],"date-time":"2016-08-18T23:08:45Z","timestamp":1471561725000},"page":"1331-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["U-shaped curve of psychosis according to cannabis use: New evidence from a snowball sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00eda","family":"Bra\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L","family":"Barrig\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Madrid, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Garrido-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC de Salud Mental, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Huelva, Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Perona-Garcel\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC de Salud Mental Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan F","family":"Rodriguez-Testal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluaci\u00f3n y Tratamiento Psicol\u00f3gico, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Lahera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Ruiz-Veguilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Neurodesarrollo y Psicosis, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas\/Universidad de Sevilla\/Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica (UGC) de Salud Mental Hospital Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92620-1"},{"key":"bibr2-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.2.110"},{"key":"bibr3-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1212"},{"key":"bibr4-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/430735"},{"key":"bibr5-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092678"},{"key":"bibr6-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.10.004"},{"key":"bibr7-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.161"},{"key":"bibr8-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.17"},{"key":"bibr9-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.026"},{"key":"bibr10-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.171"},{"key":"bibr11-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv032"},{"key":"bibr12-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033359"},{"key":"bibr13-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-14"},{"key":"bibr14-0269881116660712","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00117-5"},{"key":"bibr15-0269881116660712","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2014) European Drug Report 2014: Trends and developments. 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