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Healthy participants were randomized to three groups (25 each): (1) very low-dose (1 mg\/70 kg on sessions 1 and 2) with moderate-level (\u201cstandard\u201d) support for spiritual-practice (LD-SS); (2) high-dose (20 and 30 mg\/70 kg on sessions 1 and 2, respectively) with standard support (HD-SS); and (3) high-dose (20 and 30 mg\/70kg on sessions 1 and 2, respectively) with high support for spiritual practice (HD-HS). Psilocybin was administered double-blind and instructions to participants\/staff minimized expectancy confounds. Psilocybin was administered 1 and 2 months after spiritual-practice initiation. Outcomes at 6 months included rates of spiritual practice and persisting effects of psilocybin. Compared with low-dose, high-dose psilocybin produced greater acute and persisting effects. At 6 months, compared with LD-SS, both high-dose groups showed large significant positive changes on longitudinal measures of interpersonal closeness, gratitude, life meaning\/purpose, forgiveness, death transcendence, daily spiritual experiences, religious faith and coping, and community observer ratings. Determinants of enduring effects were psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience and rates of meditation\/spiritual practices. Psilocybin can occasion enduring trait-level increases in prosocial attitudes\/behaviors and in healthy psychological functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Trial Registration<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00802282<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117731279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T00:00:32Z","timestamp":1507766432000},"page":"49-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":429,"title":["Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Roland R","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns 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